Abstract
Active region 2684 was observed by the Solar Maximum Mission and ground-based observatories simultaneously for over 12 hours on September 23, 1980. During these observations, recurrent surges were detected above an area with complex parasitic magnetic polarity located at the periphery of the active region. The time evolution of the Hα surges, Civ brightenings and X-ray spikes leads to the conclusion that the energy source is in the corona, from magnetic reconnection. The energy is transported by energetic charged particles along the loops, thereby heating the chromosphere as the particles lose their energy. The divergent motion of the spots corresponding to small dipoles at the base of the surge indicates that there is important magnetic reorganisation. According to the magnetic field-line configuration (large loop or open structures), X-rays can (or cannot) be associated with surges.
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Schmieder, B., Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Gerlei, O. et al. A study of surges and flares within an active region. Sol Phys 146, 163–176 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00662177
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00662177