Abstract
Several commercial and laboratory-cast model austenitic alloys have been exposed in both sulfur-free carburizing environments and also in carburizing atmospheres to which additions of H2S have been made. These studies were concentrated over the temperature range 1223–1323 K at a fixed carbon activity (ac=0.8) with sulfur activities ranging from 2.2×10−12 bar to 1.4×10−9 bar. Under conditions of sulfur adsorption, e.g.,\({\text{p}}_{S_{\text{2}} } \) ≤ 5.5 × 10−11 bar at 1273 K, the blocking of adsorption sites for methane resulted in a transition from the parabolic kinetics observed during sulfur-free carburization to surface controlled linear kinetics. Higher levels of H2S promoted the formation of a surface layer of chromium sulfide which reduced internal carburization but became a problem itself. The role of minor alloying elements has been established and the use of thermodynamic phase stability diagrams in defining the optimum conditions for sulfur inhibition of carburization evaluated.
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Barnes, J., Corish, J. & Norton, J.F. Sulfur effects on the internal carburization of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys. Oxid Met 26, 333–350 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659340
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00659340