Abstract
An exact thermodynamic treatment of the Wagner effect, thermal diffusion in solutions containing two or more species in equilibrium, is given. We consider primarily a solution in which the solute can exist as a monomer A or an n-mer A n . Both A and A n are treated as independent solute species. We do not assume that the solution is ideal or dilute.
The heat of transport has been derived. It consists of two parts; one due to the intrinsic heat of transport of the species in the system and the other, due to chemical reaction. We found that the heats of transport derived from the Soret and Dufour effects are identical. Accordingly, the reciprocity relation is confirmed for the Onsager phenomenological coefficient for heat-matter coupling.
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Agar, J.N., Lin, Jl. Thermal diffusion in solutions containing two or more solute species in equilibrium: The Wagner effect. J Solution Chem 16, 973–983 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00652582
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00652582