Conclusions
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1.
Under the conditions investigated the temperature at a distance of 0.5 mm below the friction surface reaches 850°C and ensures the formation of austenite.
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2.
The cooling rate at a depth of 0.5 mm is within the range of critical quenching rates for carbon steels of the composition investigated.
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3.
A change in carbon concentration from 0.29 to 0.71% increases the hardness and depth of the white layer.
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4.
An increase of the titanium concentration to 0.21% reduces the hardness of the white layer.
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5.
Manganese, chromium, silicon, and vanadium have no effect on the properties of the white layer at the concentrations investigated.
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Literature cited
A. G. Nikonov, Izv. Vuzov, No. 2 (1961).
É. Shtolte, Chernye Metally, No. 22 (1963).
T. V. Larin, V. P. Devyatkin, and N. A. Malozemov, in: Transactions of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railroads, Coll. No. 103 [in Russian], Transzheldorizdat, Moscow (1955).
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Additional information
Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 62–64, August, 1969.
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Uzlov, I.G., Miroshnichenko, N.G. Changes in the properties of the "white" layer with the chemical composition of the steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 11, 651–653 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00652128
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00652128