Abstract
In some few steps a model describing the physical character of the cosmological expansion of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker closed universe is developed. Due to the fact that the rate of the cosmic time is changing, the conclusion is drawn that a hidden expansion is superposed on the generally known expansion of the Universe. The resulting picture-the bi-expansive model-is brought into connection with the voids in the Universe.
The expansion is described as a ‘motion’ in a spatial dimension orthogonal to our space-the 4-dimensional sphere, and some characteristic properties of such a ‘motion’, compatible with the special and general relativity, are outlined. The question of the world-force retarding the expansion is touched upon, and the concepts of contemporaneity and distance in cosmology are specified. Some attempts to a physical explanation of the connection between the voids and the bi-expansive model are given in the Appendix. Also in the Appendix the Friedmann equation is rather unconventionally used for a deduction of the value of the Hubble ‘constant’ as a function of distance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barrow, J. D.: 1983,Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics 8, 83.
de Vaucouleurs, G.: 1982,Proc. ASA 4, 320.
Hausman, A. M., Olson, D. W., and Roth, B. D.: 1983,Astrophys. J. 270, 351.
Horák, Z.: 1984,Astrophys. Space Sci. 100, 1.
Joeveer, M.: 1982,Astronomičeskij Cirkuljar, No. 1239.
Le Denmat, G., Moles, M., and Nieto, J. L.: 1975,Astron. Astrophys. 45, 219.
Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., and Wheeler, J. A.: 1973,Gravitation, W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.
Mücket, J. P.: 1980,Abstract of Contributed Papers for the Discussion Groups (9th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation) 2, 504.
Noerdlinger, P. D. and Petrosian, V.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 168, 1.
Novikov, I. D.: 1983,Evolution of the Universe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, London, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney.
Schrödinger, E.: 1956,Expanding Universes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Shu, F.: 1983,Mercury 12, 163.
Treder, H.-J., von Borzeszowski, H. H., van der Merwe, A., and Yourgrau, W.: 1980,Fundamental Principles of General Relativity Theories, Plenum Press, New York and London.
Visvanathan, N.: 1983,Astrophys. J. 285, 430.
Voráček, P.: 1979,Astrophys. Space Sci. 65, 397.
Voráček, P.: 1981a,Astrophys. Space Sci. 74, 463.
Voráček, P.: 1981b,Astrophys. Space Sci. 79, 507.
Voráček, P.: 1982,Astrophys. Space Sci. 81, 85.
Wesson, P. S.: 1983,Astron. Astrophys. 119, 145.
Zeldovich, Ya. B. and Novikov, I. D.: 1983,Relativistic Astrophysics II, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Voráček, P. The specific physical character of the expansion of the Universe. Astrophys Space Sci 111, 103–121 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00651521
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00651521