Abstract
Computer simulations are used to demonstrate that normal spiral galaxies with symmetrically warped arms can appear to have bar and bar-within-ring structures when viewed from appropriate position angles.
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Oldershaw, R.L. A new model for barred spiral galaxies. Astrophys Space Sci 92, 429–432 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00651306
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00651306