Abstract
The freezing points, conductivities, and densities of NaI, KI, CsI, Bu4NCl, Bu4NBr, Bu4NI, Et4NBr, and Pr4NBr (where Et = ethyl, Pr = propyl, and Bu =n-butyl) in ethylene carbonate have been measured. Osmotic and activity coefficients were calculated from the results. All of the salts studied are strong electrolytes. The trends in the osmotic coefficients of the alkali metal iodides are NaI>KI>CsI, showing that Na+ is more solvated by ethylene carbonate than Cs+. For the tetraalkylammonium halides, the order of osmotic coefficients are Et4NBr≃Pr4NBr≃Bu4NCl>Bu4NBr>Bu4NI. This is the same order as observed in two other high-dielectric-constant solvents, water andN-methylacetamide. The results indicate that the smaller anions are more solvated than the larger anions in ethylene carbonate in contrast to the usual behavior of dipolar aprotic (basic) solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Wood, R.H., Craft, Q.D. Freezing points, osmotic coefficients, and activity coefficients of some salts in ethylene carbonate: A high dielectric constant solvent without hydrogen bonding. J Solution Chem 7, 799–812 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650809
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650809