Abstract
Diffusion coefficients of copper sulfate-water and copper sulfate-sulfuric acid-water solutions have been determined at 25°C using conductimetric and diaphragm-cell techniques. The ternary diffusion measurements indicate that diffusion of sulfuric acid can produce large counterflows of copper sulfate and vice versa. If diffusion of copper sulfate in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions is treated as a binary process, the measured apparent diffusivities of copper sulfate can be 1 to 8% lower than the salt's true diffusivity. Equations are developed to predict transport coefficients from the concentrations and mobilities of the diffusing species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Pletcher,Industrial Electrochemistry (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982), p. 128, 186.
A. F. W. Cole and A. R. Gordon,J. Phys. Chem. 40, 736 (1936).
Y. Awakura, A. Ebata, M. Morita and Y. Kondo,Denki Kaguku 43, 569 (1975).
L. Onsager,Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 46, 241 (1945).
S. R. DeGroot and P. Mazur,Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1962).
H. S. Harned and R. L. Nutall,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 1460 (1949).
D. G. Leaist and P. A. Lyons,J. Solution Chem. 13, 77 (1984).
D. G. Leaist,Can. J. Chem. 62, 1692 (1984).
D. G. Leaist,J. Solution Chem. 14, 709 (1985).
D. G. Leaist and R. A. Noulty,Can. J. Chem. 63, 2319 (1985).
D. G. Leaist,Can. J. Chem. 63, 2933 (1985).
R. H. Stokes,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72, 763, 2243 (1950).
R. A. Robinson and R. H. Stokes,Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd edn., (Academic Press, New York, 1959), Chap. 10;
Appendix 6.1.
G. D. Rai and H. T. Cullinan, Jr.J. Chem. Eng. Data 18, 213 (1973).
G. Kosanovich and H. T. Cullinan, Jr.,Can. J. Chem. Eng. 49, 753 (1971).
A. Vogel, Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th edn., Revised by J. Basset, R. C. Denney, G. H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, (Longman, New York, 1978), p. 379.
D. A. Skoog and D. M. West, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd edn., (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1969), p. 459.
V. H. Acevdo, J. Albarracin de Moran, and L. A. Sales,Can. J. Chem. 61, 267 (1983).
D. G. Miller, J. A. Rard, L. B. Eppstein, and R. A. Robinson,J. Solution Chem. 9, 467 (1980).
W. G. Eversole, H. M. Kindsvater, and J. D. Paterson,J. Phys. Chem. 46, 370 (1942).
R. N. O'Brien, D. Quon, and C. R. Darsi,J. Electrochem. Soc. 117, 888 (1970).
M. Tanigaki, K. Kondo, M. Haroda, and W. Eguchi,J. Phys. Chem. 87, 586 (1983).
A. Emanuel and D. R. Olander,J. Chem. Eng. Data 8, 31 (1963).
L. A. Woolf and A. W. Hoveling,J. Phys. Chem. 74, 2406 (1970).
C. Y. Luk, L. Nannis, and M. Litt,Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 14, 92 (1975).
A. R. Gordon,J. Chem. Phys. 5, 522 (1937).
R. H. Stokes,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 4563 (1953).
P. Claessens, Cl. Feneau, and R. Breckpot,Bull. Soc. Chim. Belges 77, 213 (1968).
K. S. Pitzer and G. Mayorga,J. Solution Chem. 3, 539 (1974).
R. A. Matheson,J. Phys. Chem. 69, 1537 (1965).
R. Hemmes and S. Petrucci,J. Phys. Chem. 72, 3986 (1968).
H. S. Harned and R. M. Hudson,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 3781, 5880 (1951).
D. G. Leaist,J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 78, 3069 (1982).
E. A. Guggenheim and J. C. Turgeon,Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 747 (1955).
A. K. Covington, J. V. Dobson and W. F. K. Wynne-Jones,Trans. Faraday Soc. 61, 2057 (1965).
K. S. Pitzer, R. N. Roy, and L. F. Silvester,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 4930 (1977).
M. Kerker,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 3664 (1957).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Noulty, R.A., Leaist, D.G. Diffusion in aqueous copper sulfate and copper sulfate-sulfuric acid solutions. J Solution Chem 16, 813–825 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650751
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650751