Abstract
Osmotic coefficients have been measured for aqueous Lu2(SO4)3 solutions from 0.12402 to 0.89631 mol-kg−1 at 25°C by use of the isopiestic method; these measurements extend into the supersaturated molality region. Since there was a lack of activity data for Lu2(SO4)3 solutions at lower molalities, they were approximated by equating them to results for La2(SO4)3 from freezing temperature depression measurements. The combined osmotic coefficients were then used to derive mean molal activity coefficients for Lu2(SO4)3 solutions. The osmotic coefficients decrease to 0.307 as their minimum value and the mean molal activity coefficients decrease to 0.0069. When these activities were combined with our previously reported solubility of 0.6260±0.0017 mol-kg−1 for Lu2(SO4)3·8H2O, a thermodynamic solubility product of 2.3×10−10 was obtained. This value yields the Gibbs energy of formation ΔG °f (Lu2(SO4)3·8H2O, cr)=−5518.9±16.4 kJ-mol−1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. S. Pitzer and L. F. Silvester,J. Phys. Chem. 82, 1239 (1978).
R. A. Robinson,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 84 (1937).
C. H. Brubaker, Jr.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78, 5762 (1956); K. O. Groves, J. L. Dye, and C. H. Brubaker, Jr.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 4445 (1960).
N. O. Smith,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 91 (1947).
E. M. Hattox and T. de Vries,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 2126 (1936);
A. K. Covington, M. A. Hakeem, and W. F. K. Wynne-Jones,J. Chem. Soc. 4394 (1963).
H. Majima and Y. Awakura,Metall. Trans. B 16, 433 (1985).
C. Yamauchi and H. Sakao,Trans. Japan Inst. Met. 28, 327 (1987).
C. Yamauchi, T. Fujisawa, and H. Sakao,Trans. Japan Inst. Met. 29, 150 (1988).
R. L. Montgomery,Heats of Formation of Lathanum Chloride, Lanthanum Sulfate, and Lathanum Sulfate Enneahydrate (U. S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 5445, 1959).
J. A. Rard,J. Solution Chem. 17, 499 (1988).
C. F. Baes, Jr. and R. E. Mesmer,The Hydrolysis of Cations (Wiley, New York, 1976), p. 137.
A. A. Noyes and J. Johnston,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 31, 987 (1909).
F. Hovorka and W. H. Rodebush,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47, 1614 (1925).
A. Busch, G. G. Grau, W. Kast, A. Klemenc, W. Kohl, C. Kux, G. Meyerhoff, A. Neckel, E. Ruhtz, K. Schäfer, and S. Valentiner,Gleichgewichte Dampf-Kondensat und Osmotische Phänomene; Landolt-Börnstein, Vol. 2a (Springer, Berlin, 1960), p. 876.
C. C. Nathan, W. E. Wallace, and A. L. Robinson,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 790 (1943).
E. Lange,Forstch. Chem. Phys. Phys. Chem. 19, 1 (1928).
J. A. Rard,J. Solution Chem. 14, 457 (1985).
W. J. Hamer and Y.-C. Wu,J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1, 1047 (1972).
J. A. Rard, A. Habenschuss, and F. H. Spedding,J. Chem. Eng. Data 21, 374 (1976).
R. A. Robinson and R. H. Stokes,Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd edn., (Butterworths, London, 1965).
R. M. Izatt, D. Eatough, J. J. Christensen, and C. H. Bartholomew,J. Chem. Soc. (A), Inorg. Phys. Theor. 47 (1969).
J. A. Rard, H. O. Weber, and F. H. Spedding,J. Chem. Eng. Data 22, 187 (1977).
F. H. Spedding, H. O. Weber, V. W. Saeger, H. H. Petheram, J. A. Rard, and A. Habenschuss,J. Chem. Eng. Data 21, 341 (1976).
F. H. Spedding, J. A. Rard, and A. Habenschuss,J. Phys. Chem. 81, 1069 (1977).
J. A. Rard,J. Chem. Eng. Data 32, 334 (1987).
Z. Libus', E. Zak, and T. Sadowska,J. Chem. Thermodyn. 16, 257 (1984).
S. Siekierski, T. Mioduski, and M. Salomon,Solubility Data Series, Vol. 13, Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum and Lanthanide Nitrates (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1983).
F. H. Spedding, M. A. Mohs, J. L. Derer, and A. Habenschuss,J. Chem. Eng. Data 22, 142 (1977).
Y. Iguchi, M. Sci. Thesis, Osaka University (1986).
M. M. Farrow and N. Purdie,J. Solution Chem. 2, 503 (1973).
T. Sekine,J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 26, 1463 (1964).
T. Sekine,Acta Chem. Scand. 19, 1469 (1965).
R. G. de Carvalho and G. R. Choppin,J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 29, 725 (1967).
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, J. D. Cox, D. D. Wagman, and V. A. Medvedev, eds., (Hemisphere, New York, 1989).
J. A. Rard and L. R. Morss,Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths (in preparation).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rard, J.A. Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous Lu2(SO4)3 at 25°C. J Solution Chem 19, 525–541 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00647027
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00647027