Abstract
A platinum-lined, flowing autoclave facility was used to investigate the solubility behavior of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in aqueous sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide solutions between 17 and 288°. Baseline Ti(IV) solubilities were found to be on the order of one nanomolal, which were enhanced by the formation of anionic hydroxo- and phosphato-complexes. The measured solubility behavior was examined via a titanium(IV) ion hydrolysis/complexing reaction equilibria were obtained from a least squares analysis of the data. The existence of three new Ti(IV) ion complexes is reported for the first time: Ti(OH)4(HPO4)2−, Ti(OH)5(H2PO4)2− and Ti(OH)5(HPO4)3−. The triply-charged anionic complex was the dominant Ti(IV) species in concentrated, alkaline phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures. This complex is expected to exhibit C.N.=4 (i.e., Ti(OH)2OPO 3−4 ). A summary of thermochemical properties for species in the systems TiO2-H2O and TiO2-P2O5-H2O is also provided.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. J. Wagner and J. H. Duff,Proc. Amer. Power Conf. 44, 1130 (1982).
C. F. Baes and R. E. Mesmer,The Hydrolysis of Cations (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1976).
V. P. Vasil'ev, P. N. Vorob'ev, and I. L. Khodakovskii,Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 19, 1481 (1974).
S. E. Ziemniak, M. E. Jones, and K. E. S. Combs,J. Solution Chem. 18, 1133 (1989).
W. Stumm and J. J. Morgan,Aquatic Chemistry (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970).
F. H. Sweeton, R. E. Mesmer, and C. F. Baes,J. Solution Chem. 3, 191 (1974).
B. F. Hitch and R. E. Mesmer,J. Solution Chem. 5, 567 (1976).
R. E. Mesmer and C. F. Baes,J. Solution Chem. 3, 307 (1974).
N. C. Treloar, Central Electricity Research Laboratory Report RD/L/N 270/73 (1973). (See WAPD-TM-1302, March 1979).
W. L. Marshall and E. V. Jones,J. Phys. Chem. 70, 4028 (1966).
D. L. Marquardt,J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 2, 431 (1963).
M. Pourbaix,Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE, 1974).
O. Kubaschewski and C. B. Alcock,Metallurgical Thermochemistry (Pergamon, Oxford, 1983).
D. D. Wagman, W. H. Evans, V. B. Parker, R. H. Schumm, I. Halow, S. M. Bailey, K. L. Churney, and R. L. Nuttall,J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11, Suppl. 2 (1982).
C. M. Criss and J. W. Cobble,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 5390 (1964).
M. H. Abraham and Y. Marcus,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 82, 3255 (1986).
V. P. Vasil'ev, P. P. Vorob'ev, and V. I. Yashkova,Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 31, 1076 (1986).
V. P. Vasil'ev and P. N. Vorob'ev,Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 43, 1605 (1969).
Y. Marcus,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 82, 233 (1986).
H. Einaga and Y. Komatsu,J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43, 2449 (1981).
J. W. Larson, K. G. Zeeb, and L. G. Hepler,Can. J. Chem. 60, 2141 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ziemniak, S.E., Jones, M.E. & Combs, K.E.S. Solubility behavior of titanium(IV) oxide in alkaline media at elevated temperatures. J Solution Chem 22, 601–623 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00646781
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00646781