Skip to main content
Log in

The filters for EPIC: Optimized design

  • Published:
Astrophysics and Space Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

EPIC will be the focal plance imaging and medium-spectroscopy detector, based on CCD technology, which will fly on board the ESA mission XMM. EPIC has been planned to observe a wide variety of X-ray sources in the energy range 0.1–10keV. However, the X-ray emission from any source is often coupled to a strong optical/UV emission, which could degrade the EPIC spectral resolution. In order to overcome this problem, the camera-head will include a few ultra-thin filters, which can be placed in front of the CCDs to optimally reduce the optical/UV flux.

After a brief description of the problem from the theoretical point of view, the technical and scientific requirements of EPIC filters are presented here. The best light attenuators and plastic carriers are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the flight filter design is outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barbera M. et al.: 1994a, ‘Development of the UV/Ion Shields for the AXAF HRC’ in Proceedings SPIE, ed (s).,, Vol.2280,

  • Barbera M. et al.: 1994b, ‘Synchrotron X-ray Transmission Mesurements in the Calibration Program for the UV/Ion Shields of the AXAF HRC’ in Proceedings SPIE, ed (s)., , Vol.2280,

  • Barbera M.: 1995, ‘’, , private communication

  • Bavdaz M. et al.: 1995,Rev. Sci. Instr. 66 (3), 2570

    Google Scholar 

  • Bignami G.F. et al.: 1989, ‘EPIC: European (X-ray) Photon Imaging Camera’, , proposal submitted to ESA for the XMM cornerstone mission

  • Bignami G.F., Musso C.: 1995, ‘The X-ray Multi Mirror (XMM) Mission’ in Proceedings of the 4th Course of the International School of Space Science, ed(s).,s. Massaglia, L'Aquila, in press

  • Fabricant D.G. et al.: 1979,Rev. Sci. Instr. 50 (6), 727

    Google Scholar 

  • Henke, B.L., Gullison, E.M., Davis, J.C.: 1993,Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 54, 181

    Google Scholar 

  • Huizenga H. et al.: 1981,Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52 (5), 673

    Google Scholar 

  • La Palombara, N., Court A., Bignami G.F.,: 1994,Exp. Astr. 5, 221

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumb D.H., Berthiaume G.D., Burrows D.N., Garmire, G.P., Nousek, J.A.: 1991,Exp. Astr. 2, 179

    Google Scholar 

  • Musso, C., Chiappetti, L., Bignami G.F.: 1995,Exp. Astr. 6, 235

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell F.R.: 1989, ‘Current state-of-the-art in filter and thin film performance for extreme ultraviolet and X0ray research’, , LUXEL Corporation

  • Powell F. R.: 1990, ‘’, , private communication

  • Powell, F.R., Vedder, P.W., Lindblom J.F., Powell S.F.: 1990,Optical Engineering 26 (9), 614

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell F.R.: 1993, ‘Care and feeding of soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet filters’, , LUXEL Corporation

  • Powell F., Fox J.R.: 1994, ‘Transmittance measurements for a variety of X-ray/EUV filter materials and pinhole leak measurements utilizing a new visible light photometer system’, , LUXEL Corporation

  • Schumacher R.J., Hunter W.R.: 1977,App. Opt. 16 4, 904

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan K.H. et al.: 1995, ‘On the performance of optical prototype flight model filters for the XMM focal plane CCD-camera EPIC’, , MPE preprint

  • Strüder L: 1995, ‘Semiconductor-X-Ray detectors’ in Proceedings of the 4th Course of the International School of Space Science, ed(s).,S. Massaglia, L'Aquila, in press

  • Turner M.: 1995, ‘CCDs in X-Ray Spectroscopy: promise and realisation’ in Proceedings of the 4th Course of the International School of Space Science, ed(s).,s. Massaglia, L'Aquila, in press

  • Vallerga J.V., Vedder P.W., Siegmund O.H.W.: 1992, ‘Experiences with thin film filter development for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer’ in Proceedings SPIE: Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy and Projection Lithography, ed(s).,R. Hoover, A.B.C. Walker, Vol. 1472,

  • Vedder P.W., Vallerga J.V., Gibson J.L., Stock J., Siegmund, O.H.W.: 1992, ‘Thin film filter lifetesting results in the extreme ultraviolet’ in Proceedings SPIE: Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy and Projection Lithography, ed (s).,R. Hoover, A.B.C. Walker, Vol.1472,

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

supported by an Alenia Spazio fellowship

ASI contract in support to EPIC project

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

La Palombara, N., Musso, C., Conte, M. et al. The filters for EPIC: Optimized design. Astrophys Space Sci 239, 281–296 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645782

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645782

Keywords

Navigation