Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Observational properties of population I Wolf-Rayet stars

  • Published:
Astrophysics and Space Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The classification, numbers, physical parameters, energy distributions, and ring nebulae of Pop. I Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are reviewed. The numbers of known WR stars in the Galaxy, in the LMC and in the SMC are 195, 114, and 9, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott, D.C., Bieging, J.H., Churchwell, E., Torres, A. V. 1986,ApJ 303, 239

    Google Scholar 

  • Acker, A., Stenholm B. 1990,A&A Suppl. 86, 219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altenhoff, W.J., Thum, C., Wendker, H.J. 1994,A&A 281, 161

    Google Scholar 

  • Armandroff, T.E., Massey, P. 1982,AJ 102, 927

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnal, E.M., Mirabel, I.F. 1991,A&A 250, 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnal, E.M. 1992,A&A 254, 305

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnal, E.M., Cappa, C.E. 1996,MNRAS in press

  • Azzopardi, M., Breysacher, J. 1979,A&A 75, 120

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, M.J., Hummer, D.G. 1982, in: C. de Loore & A.J. Willis (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Observations, Physics, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 99 (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 387

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, R.D., Sellgren, K., DePoy, D.L. 1995,ApJ (Letters) 440, L17

    Google Scholar 

  • Breysacher, J. 1981,A&A Suppl. 43, 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappa de Nicolau, C., Niemela, V.S. 1984,AJ 89, 1398

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappa de Nicolau, C.E., Niemela, V.S., Arnal, E.M. 1986,AJ 92, 1414

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappa de Nicolau, C.E., Niemela, V.S., Dubner, G.M., Arnal, E.M. 1988,AJ 96, 1671

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassinelli, J.P., Churchwell E.B. (eds.), 1993, Massive Stars: Their Lives in the Interstellar Medium,ASP Conf. Series 35

  • Chu, Y.-H., Treffers, R.R., Kwitter, K.B. 1983,ApJ Suppl. 53, 937

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, Y.-H. 1991, in: K.A. van der Hucht & B. Hidayat (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 349

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M., and van der Hucht, K.A., Williams, P.M., Thé, P.S. 1991,ApJ 378, 302

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. 1995, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 359

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S., Underhill A.B. (eds.) 1988, O Stars and Wolf-Rayet Stars,NASA SP-497

  • Conti, P.S. 1988, in: P.S. Conti & A.B. Underhill (eds.), O Stars and Wolf-Rayet Stars,NASA SP-497, 92

  • Conti, P.S., Massey, P. 1989,ApJ 337, 251

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S., Morris, P.W. 1990,AJ 99, 898

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S., Vacca, W.D. 1990,AJ 100, 431

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S., Massey, P., Vreux, J.-M. 1990,ApJ 354, 359

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S. 1991,ApJ 377, 115

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, I.A., Barlow, M.J. 1991,A&A (Letters) 252, L39

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawther, P.A., Hillier, D.J., Smith, L.J. 1995a,A&A 293, 172 (Erratum:297, 606)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, P.A., Hillier, D.J., Smith, L.J. 1985b,A&A 293, 403

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, P.A., Smith, L.J., Hillier, D.J., Schmutz, W. 1995c,A&A 293, 427

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, P.A., Smith, L.J., Hillier, D.J. 1995d,A&A 302, 457

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, P.A., Smith, L.J., Willis, A.J. 1995e,A&A 304, 269

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, P.A., Smith, L.J. 1996,A&A 305, 541

    Google Scholar 

  • Dopita, M.A., Bell, J.F., Chu, Y.-H., Lozinskaya, T.A. 1994,ApJ Suppl. 93, 455

    Google Scholar 

  • Drissen, L., Shara, M.M., Moffat, A.F.J. 1991,AJ 101, 1659

    Google Scholar 

  • Drissen, L., Leitherer, C. & Nota, A. (eds.) 1992, Non-Isotropic and Variable Outflows from Stars,ASP Conf. Series 22

  • Drissen, L., Moffat, A.F.J., Walborn, N.R., Shara, M.M. 1995,AJ 110, 2235

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufour, R.J., Parker, R.A.R., Henize, K.G. 1988,ApJ 327, 859

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufour, R.G. 1989,Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrof. 18, 87

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubner, G.M., Niemela, V.S., Purton, C.R. 1990,AJ 99, 857

    Google Scholar 

  • Eenens, P.R.J., Williams, P.M., Wade, R. 1991,MNRAS 252, 300

    Google Scholar 

  • Eenens, P.R.J., Williams, P.M. 1992,MNRAS 255, 227

    Google Scholar 

  • Eenens, P.R.J., Williams, P.M. 1994,MNRAS 269, 1082

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Vilchez, J.M., Manchado, A., Edmunds, M.G.: 1990,A&A 227, 515

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Vilchez, J.M., Smith, L.J., Manchado, A. 1991,A&A 244, 205

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Vilchez, J.M. 1992a,ApJ 390, 536

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Vilchez, J.M., Smith, L.J., Clegg, R.E.S. 1992b,A&A 259, 629

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Smith, L.J., Vílchez, J.M., Clegg, R.E.S. 1993,A&A 272, 299,

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C. 1993,PASP 105, 320

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Vílchez, J.M., Smith, L.J. 1994,AJ 107, 1041

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban, C., Peimbert, M. 1995,A&A 300, 78

    Google Scholar 

  • Figer, D.F., McLean, I., Morris, M. 1995,ApJ (Letters) 447, L29

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamow, G. 1943,ApJ 98, 500

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmany, C.D., Massey, P., Conti, P.S. 1984,ApJ 278, 233

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmany, C.D. 1988, in: P.S. Conti & A.B. Underhill (eds.) 1988, O Stars and Wolf-Rayet Stars,NASA SP-497, p. 157

  • Garmany, C.D. (ed.) 1990, Intrinsic Properties of Hot Luminous Stars, Proc. Boulder-Munich Workshop,ASP Conf. Series 7

  • Garmany, C.D., Stencel, R.E. 1992,A&A Suppl. 94, 211

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmany, C.D. 1994,PASP 106, 25

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, W.-R. 1991, in: K.A. van der Hucht & B. Hidayat (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 81

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, W.-R. 1995, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 105

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, W.-R., Koesterke, L., Wessolowski, U. 1995b,A&A 299, 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, W.-R., Koesterke, L., Wessolowski, U. 1955b,A&A Suppl. 113, 459

    Google Scholar 

  • Heber U. & Jeffery, S. (eds.) 1992, Atmospheres of Early Type Stars,Lecture Notes in Physics No. 401 (Berlin: Springer)

    Google Scholar 

  • Heydari-Malayeri, M. 1991, in: K.A. van der Hucht & B. Hidayat (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 647

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, D.J. 1987,ApJ Suppl. 63, 947

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, D.J. 1991,A&A 247, 455

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, D.J. 1995, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 116

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, K.-H., Seggewiss, W., Weigelt, G. 1995A&A 300, 403

    Google Scholar 

  • Howarth, I.D., Schmutz, W. 1992,A&A 261, 503

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A., Conti, P.S., Lundström, I., Stenholm, B. 1981,Sp. Sci. Rev. 28, 227

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A., Cassinelli, J.P., Williams, P.M. 1986,A&A 168, 111

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A., Hidayat, B., Admiranto, A.G., Supelli, K.R., Doom, C. 1988,A&A 199, 217

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A., Hidayat, B. (eds.) 1991, Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143, (Dordrecht: Kluwer)

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A. 1992,The A&A Rev. 4, 123

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hucht, K.A., Williams, P.M. (eds.), 1995, Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163 (Dordrecht, Kluwer)

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jager, C., Nieuwenhuijzen, H. (eds.) 1992, Instabilities in Evolved Super- and Hypergiants, Proc. KNAW Workshop,KNAW Verhandelingen, Afd. Natuurkunde, Eerste Reeks, deel 36

  • Jeffers, S., Weller, W.G. 1985,A&A Suppl. 61, 173

    Google Scholar 

  • van Kerkwijk, M.H., Charles, P.A., Geballe, T.R., King, D.L., Miley, G.K., Molnar, L.A., van den Heuvel, E.P.J., van der Klis, M., van Paradijs, J. 1992,Nature 355, 703

    Google Scholar 

  • van Kerkwijk, M.H. 1993,A&A (Letters) 276, L9

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenigsberger, G., Guinan, E., Auer, L., Georgiev, L. 1995,ApJ (Letters) 452 L107

    Google Scholar 

  • Koesterke, L., Hamann, W.-R., Schmutz, W., Wessolowski, U. 1991,A&A 248, 166

    Google Scholar 

  • Koesterke, L., Hamann, W.-R. 1995,A&A 299, 503

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Chavarria, K. 1987,A&A 175, 208

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Robert, C. 1991,ApJ 377, 629

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Walborn, N.R., Heckman, T.M., Norman, C.A. (eds.) 1991, Massive Stars in Starbursts,StScI Symposium Series 5 (Cambridge: CUP)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Robert, C., Drissen, L. 1992,ApJ 401, 596

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C. 1994, in: G. Klare (ed.),Rev. Modern Astron. 7, 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Chapman, J.M., Koribalski, B. 1995,ApJ 450, 289

    Google Scholar 

  • Lortet, M.-C. 1991, in: K.A. van der Hucht & B. Hidayat (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 513

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, I., Stenholm, B. 1984a,A&A Suppl. 58, 163

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, I., Stenholm, B. 1984b,A&A Suppl. 56, 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, I., Stenholm, B. 1984c,A&A 138, 311

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, I., Stenholm, B. 1989,A&A 218, 199

    Google Scholar 

  • Macder, A., Conti, P.S. 1994,Ann. Rev. A&A 32, 227

    Google Scholar 

  • Maeder, A. 1995, in: R.S. Stobie & P.A. Whitelock (eds.), Stellar Pulsations, Proc. IAU Coll. No. 155,ASP Conf. Series 83, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Maeder, A., Meynet, G. 1994,A&A 287, 803

    Google Scholar 

  • Marston, A.P., Chu, Y.-H., Garcia-Segura, G. 1994a,ApJ Suppl. 93, 299

    Google Scholar 

  • Marston, A.P., Yocum, D.R., Garcia-Segura, G., Chu, Y.-U. 1994b,ApJ Suppl. 95, 151

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey, P. 1984,ApJ 281, 789

    Google Scholar 

  • Méndez, R.H., Herrero, A., Manchado, A., Kudritzki, R.P. 1991,A&A 252, 265

    Google Scholar 

  • Mereghetti, S., Belloni, T., Shara, M., Drissen, L. 1994,ApJ 424, 943

    Google Scholar 

  • Mereghetti, S., Belloni, T., Haberl, F., Voges, W.: in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 481

  • Miller, G.J., Chu, Y.-H. 1993,ApJ Suppl. 85, 137

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffal, A.F.J. 1994a, in: G. Klare (ed.),Rev. Modern Astron. 7, 51

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffat, A.F.J. 1994b, in: A.F.J. Moffat, S.P. Owocki, A.W. Fullerton & N. St-Louis (eds.), Instability and Variability of Hot-Star Winds, Proc. Isle-aux-Coudres Workshop 1993,Astrophys. Space Sci. 221, 467

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffat, A.F.J., Owocki, S.P., Fullerton, A.W., St-Louis, N. (eds.), Instability and Variability of Hot-Star Winds, Proc. Isle-aux-Coudres Workshop 1993,Astrophys. Space Sci. 221, 3–501

  • Morgan, D.H., Vassiliadis, E., Dopita, M.A. 1991,MNRAS 251, 51P

  • Morris, Brownsberger, K.R., Conti, P.S., Massey, P., Vacca, W.D. 1993,ApJ 412, 324

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, P.W., Eenens, P.R.J., Hanson, M.M., Conti, P.S., Blum, R.D. 1996,ApJ in press

  • Niedzielski, A., Rochowicz, K. 1994,A&A Suppl. 108, 669

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemela, V.S., Cappa de Nicolau, C.E. 1991a,AJ 101, 572

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaumer, H., Schmutz, W., Smith, L.J., Willis, A.J. 1982,A&A Suppl. 47, 257

    Google Scholar 

  • Panov, K.P., Seggewiss, W. 1990,A&A 222, 117

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, A.C., Conti, P.S. 1992,ApJ (Letters) 395, L91

    Google Scholar 

  • Polcaro, V.F., Viotti, R., Rossi, C., Norci, L. 1992,A&A 265, 563

    Google Scholar 

  • Polcaro, V.F., Giovannelli, F., Manchanda, R.K., Norci, L., Rossi, C. 1991,A&A 252, 590

    Google Scholar 

  • Polcaro, V.F., Rossi, C., Norci, L., Viotti, R. 1995,A&A 303, 211

    Google Scholar 

  • Prinja, R.K., Barlow, M.J., Howarth, I.D. 1990,ApJ 361, 607

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauw, G., Vreux, J.-M., Gosset, E., Hutsemékers, D., Magain, P., Rochowicz, K. 1996,A&A 306, 771

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosado, M. 1986,A&A 160, 211

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaerer, D. 1996,A&A 309, 129

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaerer, D., de Koter, A., Schmutz, W., Maeder, A. 1996aA&A in press

  • Schaerer, D., de Koter, A., Schmutz, W., Maeder, A. 1996b,A&A in press

  • Schertl, D., Hofmann, K.-H., Seggewiss, W., Weigelt, G. 1995,A&A 302, 327

    Google Scholar 

  • Schild, H., Testor, G. 1992,A&A Suppl. 92, 729

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmutz, W., Hamann, W.-R. 1986,A&A (Letters) 166, L11

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmutz, W., Vacca, W.D. 1991,A&A Suppl. 89, 259

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmutz, W. 1995, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 127

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Hillier, D.J. 1995,ApJ (Letters) 454, 917

    Google Scholar 

  • Shara, M.M., Moffat, A.F.J., Smith, L.F., Potter, M. 1991,AJ 102, 716

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivertsen, S. 1981,A&A Suppl. 43, 221

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F. 1968,MNRAS 138, 109

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Aller, L.H. 1971,ApJ 164, 275

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Kuhi, L.V. 1981, An Atlas of Wolf-Rayet Line Profiles,JILA Report No. 117 (Boulder: Univ. of Colorado)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Maeder, A. 1989,A&A 211, 71

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Shara, M.M., Moffat, A.F.J. 1990,ApJ 358, 229

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Maeder, A. 1991,A&A 241, 77

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.F., Meynet, G., Mermilliod, J.-C. 1994,A&A 287, 835

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.J., Willis, A.J. 1983,A&A Suppl. 54, 229

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.J., Crowther, P.A., Prinja, R.K. 1994,A&A 281, 833

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.J. 1995, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenken, C., de Groot, M.J.H. (eds.) 1994, The Impact of Long-term Monitoring on Variable-Star Research,NATO ASI Series C 436. (Dordrecht: Kluwer)

    Google Scholar 

  • St-Louis, N., Moffat, A.F.J., Drissen, L., Bastien, P., Robert, C. 1988,ApJ 330, 286

    Google Scholar 

  • Thé, P.S. 1964,Contr. Bosscha Obs. No. 26

  • Thé, P.S. 1966,Contr. Bosscha Obs. No. 35

  • Torres, A.V., Massey, P. 1987,ApJ Suppl. 65, 459

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Dodgen, A.V., Massey, P. 1988,AJ 96, 1076

    Google Scholar 

  • Vacca, W.D., Torres-Dodgen, A.V. 1990,ApJ Suppl. 73, 685

    Google Scholar 

  • Vacca, W.D. 1993,PASP 105, 325

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanbeveren, D., van Rensbergen, W., de Loore, C. (eds.), 1994, Evolution of Massive Stars: A Confrontation between Theory and Observation, Proc. Brussels Workshop,Sp. Sci. Rev. 66, 1–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Vreux, J.M., Dennefeld, M., Andrillat, Y. 1983,A&A Suppl. 54, 437

    Google Scholar 

  • Vreux, J.-M., Dennefeld, M., Andrillat, Y., Rochowicz, K. 1989,A&A Suppl. 81, 353

    Google Scholar 

  • Vreux, J.-M., Andrillat, Y., Biemont, E. 1990,A&A 238, 207

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., Nichols-Bohlin, J., Panek, R.J. 1985, International Ultraviolet Explorer Atlas of O-type Spectra from 1200 to 1900 A,NASA RP-1155

  • Walborn, N.R., MacKenty, J.W., Saha, A., White, R.L., Parker, J.Wm. 1995,ApJ (Letters) 439, L47,

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, W.B. 1974,ApJ 189, 263

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.M., Eenens, P.R.J. 1989,MNRAS 240, 445

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.M., van der Hucht, K.A., Sandell, G., Thé, P.S. 1990,MNRAS 240, 101

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.M. 1995a, in: K.A. van der Hucht & P.M. Williams (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution,Proc. IAU Symp. 163 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 335,

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.M. 1995b, in: G.D. Watt & P.M. Williams (eds.), Circumstellar Matter 1994,Astrophys. Space Sci. 224, 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, A.J., van der Hucht, K.A., Conti, P.S., Garmany, C.D. 1986,A&A Suppl. 63, 417

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, A.J. 1991, in: K.A. van der Hucht & B. Hidayat (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies,Proc. IAU Symp. 143 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 265

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson, L.A., Stalio, R. (eds.) 1990, Angular Momentum and Mass Loss for Hot Stars,NATO ASI Series C316 (Dordrecht, Kluwer)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, C.J.E., Rayet, G. 1867,Comptes Rendus 65, 292

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, A.E., Barlow, M.J. 1975,MNRAS 170, 41

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Organization Netherlands, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Karel A. Van Der Hucht

Authors
  1. Karel A. Van Der Hucht
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Van Der Hucht, K.A. Observational properties of population I Wolf-Rayet stars. Astrophys Space Sci 238, 1–16 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645487

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00645487

Key words

Search

Navigation