Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of acute exercise and prolonged exercise training on blood pressure, vasopressin and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

  • Published:
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training on systolic blood pressure (BPs), plasma and brain vasopressin (AVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during rest and after exercise. Resting and postexercise heart rate, as well as blood parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), plasma sodium and potassium concentrations ([Na+], [K+]) osmolality and proteins were also studied. Hypophyseal AVP had reduced significantly after exercise in the SHR, whereas PRA had increased significantly in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain used as normotensive controls. Plasma AVP concentration increased in both strains. By the end of the experiment, training had reduced body mass and BPs by only 10% and 6%, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake was increased 10% and plasma osmolality 2% by training. The postexercise elevation of heart rate was not significantly attenuated by training. A statistically significant reduction in postexercise plasma osmolality (10%) and [Na+] (4%) was observed. These results suggested that swimming training reduced BPS. Plasma and brain AVP played a small role in the hypertensive process of SHR in basal conditions because changes in AVP contents did not correlate with those of BPs. Moreover, there were no differences between SHR and WKY in plasma, hypophyseal and hypothalamic AVP content in these basal conditions. Finally, during moderate exercise a haemodilution probably occurred with an increase of plasma protein content. This was confirmed by the exercise-induced increase of plasma AVP and the reduction of hypophyseal AVP content, suggesting a release of this hormone, which probably contributed to the water retention and haemodilution. This investigation showed that swimming training produced an attenuation of the raised resting blood pressure in this strain and that plasma and brain AVP played a negligible role in the maintenance of hypertension in basal conditions. However, during training, this hormone may have played a role, training having induced simultaneously a decrease in BPs and plasma AVP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Altura BM, Altura BT (1977) Vascular smooth muscle and neurohypophyseal hormones. Fed Proc 36:1853–1860

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews CE Jr, Brenner BM (1981) Relative contributions of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II to maintenance of systemic arterial pressure in the anesthetized water-deprived rats. Circ Res 48:254–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjorntorp P (1982) Hypertension and exercise. Hypertension 4 [Suppl III]: 56–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Costill DL, Fink WJ (1974) Plasma volume changes following exercise and thermal dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37:521–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Costill DL, Saltin B (1975) Muscle glycogen and electrolytes following exercise and thermal dehydration. In: Howald H, Poortmans JR (eds) Metabolic adaptation to prolonged physical exercise. Birkhäuser, Basle, pp 352–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Costill DL, Branam G, Fink W, Nelson R (1976) Exercise induced sodium conservation: changes in plasma renin and aldosterone. Med Sci Sports 8:209–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Crofton JT, Share L, Shade RE, Allen C, Tarnowski D (1978) Vasopressin in the rat with spontaneous hypertension. Am J Physiol 235:H361-H366

    Google Scholar 

  • Desplanches D, Mayet MH, Sempore B, Flandrois R (1987) Structural and functional responses to prolonged hindlimb suspension in rat muscle. J Appl Physiol 63:558–563

    Google Scholar 

  • Fregly MJ (1984) Effect of an exercise regimen on development of hypertension in rats. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 56:881–887

    Google Scholar 

  • Galbo H, Richter EA, Hoist JJ, Christensen NJ (1977) Diminished hormonal responses to exercise in trained rats. J Appl Physiol 43:953–958

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauer OH, Henry JP, Behn C (1970) The regulation of extracellular fluid volume. Ann Rev Physiol 32:547–595

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavras H, Hatzinikolaou P, North WG, Bresnahan M, Gavras I (1982) Interaction of the sympathetic nervous system with vasopressin and renin in the maintenance of blood pressure. Hypertension 4:400–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Geelen G, Allevard-Burguburu AM, Gauquelin G, Xiao YZ, Frutoso J, Gharib C, Sempore B, Meunier C, Augoyard G (1981) Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopression, oxytocin and arginine-vasotocin like material in the human pineal gland. Peptides 2:459–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaemmaghami F, Gauquelin G, Favier R, Vincent M, Sassard J, Legros JJ, Allevard AM, Gharib C (1986) Effect of swim training on systolic blood pressure, vasopressin and total neurophysin in the Lyon hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 4 [Suppl 3]:S475-S478

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaemmaghami F, Gauquelin G, Gharib C, Yoccoz D, Desplanches D, Favier R, Allevard AM (1987) Effects of treadmill running and swimming on plasma and brain vasopressin levels in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 56:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison MH (1976) Plasma volume changes during acute exposure to a high environmental temperature. J Appl Physiol 37:38–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley LH, Mason JW, Hoyan RP (1972) Multiple hormonal responses to graded exercise in relation to physical training. J Appl Physiol 33:602–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmer IL (1974) Physiology of swimming man. Acta Physiol Scand 407 [Suppl 1]:1–124

    Google Scholar 

  • King DS, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Hargreaves M, Fielding RA (1985) Muscle metabolism during exercise in the heat in unacclimatized and acclimatized humans. J Appl Physiol 59:1350–1354

    Google Scholar 

  • Melin B, Eclache JP, Geelen G, Annat G, Allevard AM, Jarsaillon E, Zebidi A, Legros JJ, Gharib C (1980) Plasma AVP, neurophysin, renin activity and aldosterone during submaximal exercise performed until exhaustion in trained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 44:141–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohring J (1978) Neurohypophyseal principle: vasopressor hormone as well as antidiuretic hormone? Klin Wochenschr 56 [Suppl 1]:71–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohring J, Kintz J, Schoun J (1971) Studies on the role of vasopressin in blood pressure control of spontaneously hypertensive rats with established hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1:593–608

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen B, Sjøgaard G, Bonde-Petersen F (1984) Cardiovascular, hormonal and body fluid changes during prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 53:63–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Overton JM, Tipton CM, Matthes RD, Leininger JR (1986) Voluntary exercise and its effects on young SHR and stroke-prone hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol 61:318–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasquis P, Dejours P (1965) Consommation maximale d'oxygéne chez le Rat blanc et le Cobaye. J Physiol (Paris) 57:670

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavernik JM, Leeds EM, Wilkerson JE (1984) Effects of endurance exercise on metabolic water production and plasma volume. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 56:613–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson GL (1983) Thirst and vasopressin function in normal and disordered states of water balance. J Lab Clin Med 101:351–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Senay LC Jr (1975) Plasma volume and constituents of heat-exposed men before and after acclimatization. J Appl Physiol 38:570–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Senay LC Jr (1978) Early response of plasma contents on exposure of working men to heat. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 44:166–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjøgaard G, Saltin B (1982) Extra and intracellular water spaces in muscles of man at rest and with dynamic exercise. Am J Physiol 243:R271-R280

    Google Scholar 

  • Skowsky WR, Rosenbloom AA, Fisher DA (1974) Radioimmunoassay measurement of arginine vasopressin in serum: development and application. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:278–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturek ML, Bedford TG, Tipton CM, Newcomer L (1984) Acute cardiorespiratory responses of hypertensive rats to swimming and treadmill exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 57:1328–1332

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipton CM (1965) Training and bradycardia in rats. Am J Physiol 209:1089–1094

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipton CM (1984) Exercise, training and hypertension. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 12:245–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipton CM, Matthes RD, Marcus KD, Kowlett KA, Leininger JR (1983) Influence of exercise intensity, age and medication on resting systolic blood pressure of SHR populations. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 55:1305–1310

    Google Scholar 

  • Truex KC, Scott JC, Long DM, Smythe MO (1955) Effect of vagus nerves on heart rate of young dogs: an anatomic physiology study. Anat Record 123:201–226

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Public Health Service Hospitalo-Cooperative Study Group (1972) Morbidity and mortality in mild essential hypertension. Circ Res 31 [Suppl] 2:110–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent M, Sassard J, Cier JF (1972) Méthode rapide de détermination radioimmuno chimique de l'activité rénine du plasma. Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol 17:1001–1006

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkerson JE, Gutin B, Horvath SM (1977) Exercise induced changes in blood red cell, and plasma volume in man. Med Sci Sports 9:155–158

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environment, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8, avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon Cédex 08, France

    F. Ghaemmaghami, A. M. Allevard, J. Fareh, G. Geelen & C. Gharib

Authors
  1. F. Ghaemmaghami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. M. Allevard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Fareh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Geelen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C. Gharib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghaemmaghami, F., Allevard, A.M., Fareh, J. et al. Effects of acute exercise and prolonged exercise training on blood pressure, vasopressin and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 198–203 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00643742

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00643742

Key words

Search

Navigation