Abstract
In the most general scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Bergmann and Wagoner, it is known that Birkhoff's theorem holds both in vacuum as well as in the presence of an electromagnetic field when the scalar field is time-independent.
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Venkateswarlu, R., Reddy, D.R.K. On Birkhoff's theorem in Bergmann-Wagoner theory. Astrophys Space Sci 159, 173–176 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640501
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640501