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Etude variationnelle des decalages spectraux

II. Aspect relativiste

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Abstract

In a static gravitational field the paths of light are curved, as noticed by H. Weyl. This property can bea priori stated for aV 3 Riemannian manifold: through any two points ofV 3 it is possible to draw two families of curves, the straight lines of Euclidean geometry and the photon trajectoriesz. We can perform a fibration of the Galilean space-time in an original way, by taking thez-trajectories of the photons as the base, the isochronic surfaces as fibres, and ‘the equal length time on az trajectory to reach a given point’ as the equivalence relation. The straight lines of Euclidean geometry can then carry the classical mechanics timet, and thez trajectories can carry the optics time t. These times are related by dt=F(x,t) dt.

If we class the Universe as a pseudo-Riemannian manifold of normal hyperbolic typeC , the time t determined above can be taken as the time coordinate inV 4. Under these conditions we have\(d\overline s ^2 \)=F 2 \(d\overline s ^2 \), where\(d\overline s ^2 \) is the metric of the Riemannian manifold, conforming to the metric ds 2 and allowing t as the cosmic time. We can then use the results previously achieved by the author (Peton, 1979) and write: 1 +Z G =F(A s,t s,)/F(Aos,t o) wherez G denotes the shift of the spectral lines due to the metric.

In the case of relative motion betweenO andS, we have

$${\text{1 + z' = (1 + }}z_{\text{G}} {\text{)(1 + }}\beta _{\text{r}} {\text{)(1 }} - {\text{ }}\beta ^2 {\text{)}}^{ - 1/2} $$

The Doppler-Fizeau effect therefore appears as a result of the application of the Fermat principle.

Résumé

Par deux points quelconques d'une variété riemannienneV 3, on peut faire passer deux familles de courbes, les droites de la géométri euclidienne et les trajectoiresz des photons. On peut alors faire porter le tempst de la Mécanique par les droites et le temps t de l'Optique par les trajectoiresz, on a entre ces deux temps la relation dt=F(x,t) dt.

Si nous assimilons l'Univers à une variété pseudo-riemannienneC de type hyperbolique normal, on peut alors prendre comme coordonnée temporelle le temps t de l'Optique. Il apparaît entret et t une relation qui, traduite en termes de décalages spectraux, s'écrit: 1 +Z G =F(A s,t s,)/F(Aos,t o). Dans le cas d'un mouvement relatif entreO etS, l'application de principe de Fermat le long des trajectoiresz, conduit à l'expression

$${\text{1 + z' = (1 + }}z_{\text{G}} {\text{)(1 + }}\beta _{\text{r}} {\text{)(1 }} - {\text{ }}\beta ^2 {\text{)}}^{ - 1/2} $$

. L'effet Doppler-Fizeau apparaît ainsi comme une conséquence du principe de Fermat lorsque les variations sont calculées le long des trajectoires suivies par les photons dansV 3.

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Peton, A. Etude variationnelle des decalages spectraux. Astrophys Space Sci 64, 433–442 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00639520

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00639520

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