Abstract
In nuclear demagnetization, the nuclear spins can cool other systems, in particular the conduction electrons and lattice, only if there is a high degree of thermal isolation of the specimen from its surroundings. The temperature that the lattice and conduction electrons can reach depends on the rate of heat influx to the lattice and the rate at which the nuclear spins can absorb it. The cooling power of the nuclear spins depends on the spin-lattice relaxation time and the energy of the nuclear spins, which can be increased by demagnetizing to a finite field. For some substances the nuclear quadrupole energy can be used. Experiments with copper and indium resulted in cooling by the nuclear spins of the lattice and conduction electrons. The main problem is the energy transfer between the various constituent of the nuclear cooling specimen.
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Symko, O.G. Nuclear cooling using copper and indium. J Low Temp Phys 1, 451–467 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00628209
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00628209