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Late Miocene valley-confined subglacial volcanism in northern Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula

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Abstract

Isolated, Late Miocene volcanogenic sequences in northern Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula, form an unusual, cogenetic association of volcaniclastic, sandy-gravelly lithofacies (including tillites) and volcanic (lava/hyalocalstite) lithofacies. Using simple lithofacies analysis and theoretical considerations of hydrodynamic effects of subglacial eruptions, valley-confined volcanic activity beneth thin, wet-based ice is suggested. The Alexander Island successions are complete enough to be regarded as model sequences for this uncommonly recorded type of eruptive/depositional activity. The sedimentary lithofacies represent resedimented tuffs and meltout or flow tills, which were probably deposited in subglacial ice tunnels eroded or enlarged by volcanically heated meltwater. The volcanic lithofacies formed by the interaction of hot magma with the ice tunnel walls (generating abundant meltwater) and water-saturatedsediments, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous masses of lava and hyaloclastite. There is no obvious sequence organisation in the sedimentary sections. This is probably due to a complex interplay of eruption-related and environmental hydrodynamic factors affecting the relative proportions of water and entrained sediment.

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Author notes

  1. M J Hole

    Present address: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, Kings College, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, AB9 2UE, Aberdeen, UK

  2. P A R Nell

    Present address: Department of Geology, Williamson Building, Manchester University, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 OET, Cambridge, UK

    J L Smellie, M J Hole & P A R Nell

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Smellie, J.L., Hole, M.J. & Nell, P.A.R. Late Miocene valley-confined subglacial volcanism in northern Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Bull Volcanol 55, 273–288 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00624355

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