Abstract
A simple variational method is used to determine the modal properties of single-mode couplers and Y junctions when the cores are close together or coalesce. The results complement the well-known perturbation expressions for large core separation. Together the two approximation methods provide accurate approximations over the complete range of separation from infinite separation to complete coalescence.
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Henry, W.M., Love, J.D. Variational approximations for couplers and Y junctions. Opt Quant Electron 17, 359–370 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00620400
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00620400