Abstract
In- and out-diffusion experiments of oxygen in silicon indicate the existence of an oxygen-containing species diffusing much faster than interstitial oxygen at temperatures below about 700°C. The formation of oxygen-related thermal donors in the temperature range around 450°C also requires a fast diffusing species. The paper examines the possibility of this fast diffusing species beingmolecular oxygen, as had been suggested earlier. Special emphasis will be placed on experimental results which have become available since that time. These results allow one to relate thermal donor formation to the loss of interstitial oxygen and to oxygen precipitation. The role of carbon is also considered in this context.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.S. Oehrlein, J.W. Corbett: InDefects in Semiconductors II, ed. by S. Mahajan, J.W. Corbett (North-Holland, New York 1983) p. 107
P. Wagner, C. Holm, E. Sirtl, R. Oeder, W. Zulehner: Adv. Solid State Phys.24, 191 (1984)
A. Bourret: InProc. 13th Int. Conf. Defects in Semiconductors, ed. by L.C. Kimerling, J.M. Parsey Jr. (The Metallurgical Soc. of AIME, Warrendale, PA 1985) p. 129
L.C. Kimerling: InOxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Silicon, ed. by S.J. Pearton, J.W. Corbett, J.C. Mikkelsen, Jr., S.J. Pennycook (Mat. Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, PA 1986) p. 83
R.C. Newman: InProc. Defects in Electronic Materials, Mat. Res. Soc. Meeting, Dec. 1987, Boston
W. Kaiser, H.L. Frisch, H. Reiss: Phys. Rev.112, 1546 (1958)
D. Helmreich, E. Sirtl: InSemiconductor Silicon 1981, ed. by H.R. Huff, R.J. Kriegler, Y. Takeishi (Electrochem. Soc., Pennington, NJ 1981) p. 626
U. Gösele, T.Y. Tan: Appl. Phys. A28, 79 (1982)
A. Ourmazd, W. Schröter, A. Bourret: J. Appl. Phys.56, 1670 (1984)
R.C. Newman: J. Phys. C18, L967 (1985)
R.C. Newman: In [4] p. 205
D. Mathiot: Appl. Phys. Lett.51, 904 (1987)
D. Mathiot: In [5]
P. Gaworzewski, E. Hild: Phys. Status Solidi (a)92, 129 (1985)
M. Suezawa, K. Sumino: Phys. Status Solidi (a)82, 235 (1984)
G.S. Oehrlein: J. Appl. Phys.54, 5453 (1983)
J.T. Borenstein, V.A. Singh, J.W. Corbett: J. Appl. Phys.62, 1287 (1987)
J.T. Borenstein, D. Peak, J.W. Corbett: J. Mater. Res.1, 527 (1986)
L.C. Snyder, J.W. Corbett, P. Deak, P. Wu: In [5]
R.C. Newman, A.S. Oates, F.M. Livingston: J. Phys. C16, L667 (1983)
W. Bergholz, J.L. Hutchinson, P. Piroux: J. Appl. Phys.58, 3419 (1985)
S. Messoloras, R.C. Newman, R.J. Stewart, J.H. Tucker: Semicond. Sci. Technol.2, 14 (1987)
R.A. Craven: In [7] p. 254
H.J. Hrostowski, R.H. Kaiser: J. Phys. Chem. Solids9, 214 (1959)
Y. Takano M. Maki: InSemiconductor Silicon 1973, ed. by H.R. Huff, R.R. Burgers (Electrochem. Soc., Princeton, NJ 1973 p. 469
J. Gass, H.H. Müller, H. Stüssi, S. Schweitzer: J. Appl. Phys.51, 2030 (1980)
K. Kugimiya, S. Akiyama, S. Nakamura: In [7] p. 294
J.C. Mikkelsen: Appl. Phys. Lett.40, B36 (1982)
R.A. Logan, A.J. Peters: J. Appl. Phys.30, 1627 (1959)
P. Gaworzewski, G. Ritter: Phys. Status Solidi A67, 511 (1981)
S.-T. Lee, D. Nichols: Appl. Phys. Lett.47, 1001 (1985)
K. Wada, N. Inoue, K. Kohra: J. Crystal Growth49, 749 (1980)
M.J. Binns, W.P. Brown, J.G. Wilkes, R.C. Newman, F.M. Livingston, S. Messoloras, R.J. Stewart: Appl. Phys. Lett.42, 525 (1983)
R.D. Southgate: Proc. R. Soc., London B70, 800 (1957)
C. Hass: J. Phys. Chem. Solids15, 108 (1960)
J.W. Corbett, R.S. McDonald, G.D. Watkins: J. Phys. Chem. Solids25, 873 (1964)
M. Stavola, J.R. Patel, L.C. Kimerling, P.E. Freeland: Appl. Phys. Lett.42, 73 (1983)
A.K. Tipping, R.C. Newman, D.C. Newton, J.H. Tucker: InDefects in Semiconductors, ed. by H.J. von Bardeleben (Materials Science Forum 10–12 1986) p. 887
S.-T. Lee, P. Fellinger: Appl. Phys. Lett.49, 1793 (1986)
S.-T. Lee, P. Fellinger, S. Chen: J. Appl. Phys.63, 1924 (1988)
S. Hahn: In [4] p. 181
For an overview and references, see: U. Gösele: In [4] p. 419
P.E. Freeland, K.A. Jackson, L.W. Lowe, J.R. Patel: Appl. Phys. Lett.30, 31 (1977)
N. Inoue, K. Wada, J. Osaka: In [7] p. 282
T.Y. Tan, C.Y. Kung: J. Appl. Phys.59, 917 (1986)
T.Y. Tan, R.L. Kleinhenz, C.P. Schneider: In [4] p. 195
B. Pajot, H. Compain, J. Lerouille, B. Clerjand: Physica117B/118B, 110 (1983)
R. Oeder, P. Wagner: In [1] p. 171
Y. Kamiura, F. Hashimoto, K. Endo: J. Appl. Phys.61, 2478 (1987)
T. Gregorkiewicz, D.A. van Wezep, H.H.P.Th. Bekman, C.A.J. Ammerlaan: In [38] p. 1009
J. Michel, J.R. Niklas, J.M. Spaeth, C.M. Weinert: Phys. Rev. Lett.57, 611 (1986)
J. Michel, J.R. Niklas, J.M. Spaeth: In [5]
A.R. Bean, R.C. Newman: J. Phys. Chem. Solids33, 255 (1972)
J. Lerouille: Phys. Status Solidi A67, 177 (1981)
H.W. Zulehner: InAggregation Phenomena of Point Defects in Silicon, ed. by E. Sirth, J. Goorissen, P. Wagner: (Electrochem. Soc., Pennington, MJ 1983) p. 89
J.L. Lindström, H. Weman, G.S. Oehrlein: Phys. Status Solidi99A, 581 (1987)
R.C. Newman, M. Clayton, S.H. Kinder, S. Messoloras, A.S. Oates, R.J. Stewart: InSemiconductor Silicon 1986, ed. by H.R. Huff, T. Abe, B.O. Kolbesen (Electrochem. Soc., Pennington, NJ 1986) p. 766
R.C. Newman, A.S. Oates, F.M. Livingston: J. Phys. S.: Solid State Phys.16, L667 (1983)
S. Hahn, K.N. Ritz, S. Shatas, H.J. Stein, Z.U. Rek, W.A. Tiller: J. Appl. Phys. (in press)
P. Fraundorf, G.K. Fraundorf, F. Shimura: J. Appl. Phys.58, 4049 (1985)
S. Hahn: In [5]
F. Shimura, T. Higuchi, R.S. Hockett: Appl. Phys. Lett.53, 69 (1988)
T. Itoh, T. Abe: Appl. Phys. Lett.53, 39 (1988)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Paper submitted as contribution to special issue on “Molecule-Like Defects in Crystalline Semiconductors”. Appl. Phys. 48/1 January 1989
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gösele, U., Ahn, K.Y., Marioton, B.P.R. et al. Do oxygen molecules contribute to oxygen diffusion and thermal donor formation in silicon?. Appl. Phys. A 48, 219–228 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00619388
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00619388