Abstract
The main quantitative results from Wagner's oxidation theory are recalled while the conditions of application of that theory are reviewed from the point of view of oxidation kinetics like those of chromium, zinc, and iron. Bibliographical results on cobalt and copper oxidation and on cobaltous and cuprous oxides are quantitatively compared to Wagner's theory. In the same, the validity of the cation self-diffusion coefficient determination by the parabolic constant is considered. Finally, the modification of a rate equation to take a surface reaction into account is discussed.
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Abbreviations
- D :
-
Ion self-diffusion coefficient
- D o :
-
Ion self-diffusion coefficient at unit oxygen pressure
- E :
-
Activation energy
- N v :
-
Vacancy concentration
- N t :
-
Number of cation sites per unit volume
- X :
-
Scale thickness at timet
- a o :
-
Oxygen activity inside the scale
- C eq :
-
Concentration of oxide equivalent as defined by Wagner
- k :
-
Oxidation parabolic constant as defined by Eq. (1)
- k r :
-
Oxidation rational constant as defined by Wagner
- n :
-
Coefficient used to describe any variable as a function of\(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }^{{{\text{1}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{1}} n}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} n}} \)
- n D :
-
Diffusion coefficient dependency on\(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \)
- n x :
-
Nonstoichiometry dependency on\(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \)
- n k :
-
Parabolic constant dependency on\(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \)
- n σ :
-
Electrical conductivity dependency on\(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \)
- \(p_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \) :
-
Oxygen pressure at equilibrium
- t :
-
Time
- Z :
-
Cation or anion average valency in the oxide
- x :
-
Degree of nonstoichiometry as defined by M1−xO or M2−xO
- σ :
-
Electrical conductivity
- v i :
-
Stoichiometric coefficient
- μ i :
-
Chemical potential of chemical species i
- 1:
-
Subscript used for cation
- 2:
-
Subscript used for anion
- ′:
-
Superscript used for the metal-oxide interface
- ″:
-
Superscript used for the oxide-gas interface
- □:
-
Ion vacancy
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Morin, F., Beranger, G. & Lacombe, P. Limits of application for Wagner's oxidation theory. Oxid Met 4, 51–62 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612507
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612507