Abstract
The early stages of oxidation of nickel implanted with nickel, chromium, or lithium ions in oxygen at 1100°C have been studied using various electron-optical techniques. The unimplanted metal develops initially a fine-grained, convoluted scale having a ridged, cellular structure. Subsequently, the oxide grains increase in size significantly and oxidation becomes predominantly controlled by diffusion of Ni 2+ ions across a compact, columnar scale. Implantation of the surface with nickel ions has no significant effect on the initial oxidation behavior. However, after implantation with chromium or lithium ions, the development of the NiO scale is, in the early stages of oxidation, suppressed by formation of NiCr 2O4 or LiO2 nodules, respectively. Subsequently, the implanted species are incorporated into the steady-state NiO scale where they dope the oxide and thus influence the diffusion rate of Ni 2+ ions through it. As would be predicted, the steady-state oxidation rate of chromium-implanted nickel is increased while that of lithium-implanted nickel is decreased compared with that of the unimplanted metal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Dearnaley,Metall. Mater. Technol. 12, 178 (1980).
J. D. Benjamin and G. Dearnaley,Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 28, 141 (1976).
M. J. Bennett, G. Dearnaley, M. R. Houlton, R. W. M. Hawes, P. D. Goode, and M. A. Wilkins,Corros. Sci. 20, 27 (1980).
U. Bernabai, M. Cavallini, G. Bombara, G. Dearnaley, and M. A. Wilkins,Corros. Sci. 20, 19 (1980).
L. Svendsen,Corros. Sci. 20, 63 (1980).
R. A. Collins, S. Muhl, and G. Dearnaley,J. Phys. F. 9, 1245 (1979).
F. H. Stott, Zhou Peide, R. P. M. Procter, and W. A. Grant, Proceedings of the Conference on Modification of Surface Properties of Metals by Ion Implantation, Manchester, 1981.
B. J. Smith, AERE Report R.6660 (1971).
W. B. Sharp and D. Mortimer,J. Sci. Instrum. (Series 2),1, 843 (1968).
F. H. Stott, Zhou Peide, W. A. Grant, and R. P. M. Procter, submitted to Corros. Sci.
F. N. Rhines and J. S. Wolf,Metall. Trans.,1, 1701 (1970).
G. C. Wood, F. H. Stott, and J. E. Forrest,Werkst. Korros. 28, 395 (1977).
M. Keenlyside, F. H. Stott, and G. C. Wood,Vacuum, in press.
R. A. Perkins and R. A. Rapp,Metall. Trans. 4, 193 (1973).
M. S. Seltzer,J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 802 (1971).
W. K. Chen, N. O. Peterson, and L. C. Robinson,J. Phys. Chem. Solid,34, 705 (1973).
D. Caplan, M. J. Graham, and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 1205 (1972).
D. Caplan and G. I. Sproule,Oxid. Met. 9, 459 (1975).
J. Stringer and I. G. Wright,Oxid. Met. 5, 59 (1972).
F. A. Golightly, F. H. Stott, and G. C. Wood,Oxid. Met. 10, 163 (1976).
F. H. Stott, G. C. Wood, and F. A. Golightly,Corros. Sci. 19, 869 (1979).
F. A. Kruger,Proceedings of the International Conference on High-Temperature Corrosion, San Diego (1981).
F. A. Golightly, F. H. Stott, and G. C. Wood,J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 1035 (1979).
V. Ashworth, W. A. Grant, R. P. M. Procter, and T. Wellington,Corros. Sci. 16, 393 (1976).
A. H. Al Saffar, V. Ashworth, W. A. Grant, and R. P. M. Procter,Proceedings of the Sixth European Congress on Corrosion, S.C.I., London (1977).
V. Ashworth, W. A. Grant, R. P. M. Procter, and E. J. Wright, to be published.
V. Ashworth, W. A. Grant, A. R. Mohammed, and R. P. M. Procter,Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Metallic Corrosion, Brazil (1978).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peide, Z., Stott, F.H., Procter, R.P.M. et al. The early stages of oxidation of ion-implanted nickel at high temperature. Oxid Met 16, 409–426 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611353
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611353