Abstract
Ni containing 0.00002 to 0.003 wt.% carbon was oxidized in 1 atm O2 at 700 to 1270°C for 1 min to 20 hr. Cavity formation in the metal and oxide and at the oxide-metal interface was affected by the carbon content. Extensive cavitation developed at the grain boundaries of Ni containing as little as 0.0001 wt.% carbon but no cavitation occurred in decarburized Ni. Metal cavitation is dependent on the local concentration of carbon segregated at the Ni grain boundaries rather than on the overall carbon content. The cavities arise from hot deformation or creep of the metal substrate induced by the oxidation process. The cavities in the oxide formed on decarburized Ni remain near the oxide-metal interface; on Ni containing appreciable carbon the oxide cavities migrate outward by a dissociative mechanism assisted by the gaseous transfer of oxygen across the cavities with CO-CO2 acting as the carrier.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. J. Graham and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 879 (1972).
M. J. Graham, G. I. Sproule, D. Caplan, and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 883 (1972).
D. Caplan, M. J. Graham, and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 1205 (1972).
M. J. Graham, D. Caplan, and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 119, 1265 (1972).
M. J. Graham and D. Caplan,J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 769 (1973).
M. J. Graham, R. J. Hussey, and M. Cohen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 1523 (1973).
M. J. Graham, D. Caplan, and R. J. Hussey,Can. Metall. Q. 18, 283 (1979).
D. A. Jones and R. E. Westerman,Corrosion,21, 295 (1965).
G. C. Wood, I. G. Wright, and J. M. Ferguson,Corros. Sci. 5, 645 (1965).
P. Hancock and R. Fletcher,ATB Metall. 6, 1 (1966).
D. L. Douglass,Mater. Sci. Eng. 3, 255 (1968).
D. L. Douglass,Corros. Sci. 8, 665 (1968).
J. S. Wolf, NASA TN D-5266 (June 1969).
W. K. Appleby and R. F. Tylecote,Corros. Sci. 10, 325 (1970).
R. Hales and A. C. Hill,Corros. Sci. 12, 843 (1972).
P. Hancock and R. C. Hurst,Adv. Corros. Sci. Technol. 4, 1 (1974).
R. E. Smallman and P. S. Dobson,Surf. Defect Prop. Solids,4, 103 (1975).
G. B. Gibbs and R. Hales,Corros. Sci. 17, 487 (1977).
P. Hancock,Vacancies Proc. Conf. 1976, 215 (1977).
J. Stringer,Vacancies Proc. Conf. 1976, 187 (1977).
M. J. Luton and W. J. McG. Tegart,Metal Sci. J. 3, 142 (1969).
D. A. Woodford,Metal Sci. J. 3, 234 (1969).
E. E. Badiyan and A. F. Sirenko,J. Mater. Sci. 6, 1479 (1971).
A. J. Perry,J. Mater. Sci. 9, 1016 (1974).
D. A. Miller and R. Pilkington,J. Mater. Sci. 13, 2291 (1978).
K. C. Russell,Acta Metall. 20, 899 (1972).
J. E. Harris,Acta. Metall. 26, 1033 (1978).
N. Birks and H. Rickert,J. Inst. Met. 91, 308 (1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Caplan, D., Hussey, R.J., Sproule, G.I. et al. Effect of carbon on cavity formation during the high-temperature oxidation of Ni. Oxid Met 14, 279–299 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00603786
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00603786