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Dendritic cell dynamics in progressive depigmentations

Distinctive Cytokinetics ofα-Dendritic Cells Revealed by Electron Microscopy

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Summary

Three types of dendritic cells (melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and α-dendritic cells) were identified and counted by the electron microscopic quantitation method of human epidermis. Five specimens of vitiligo of varying duration, four specimens of leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum, and two areas of spontaneous regression in Dubreuilh's precancerous melanosis (lentigo maligna) were compared with four normal controls. In vitiligo of relatively short duration, the number of melanocytes in the basal layer gradually decreased with the age of the lesion, and the number of α-dendritic cells (indeterminate cells, Zelickson) increased, their sum remaining fairly constant. It is postulated that active melanocytes become inactive and are converted into α-dendritic cells. Later, when the number of melanocytes approaches near zero, the α-dendritic cells also begin to decrease in number. It is only then that Langerhans cells show a change in distribution. Their total number remains constant, but Langerhans cells are now found to be increased in the basal layer. The events in leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum are similar. In regressing areas of Dubreuilh's precancerous melanosis, we found distinct signs of cytoplasmic degradation in the neoplastic melanocytes in addition to the other phenomena.

Zusammenfassung

Eine direkte Zählmethode wurde benutzt, um in elektronenmikroskopischen Schnitten die absolute und relative Zahl der drei Arten von Dendritenzellen (Melanocyten, Langerhans-Zellen und Alphadendritenzellen) in der Epidermis zu bestimmen. Die Haut von 5 Vitiligoherden, 4 Fällen von Leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum und 2 Arealen von Spontanregression einer präcancerösen Melanose (Dubreuilh) wurde mit 4 normalen Kontrollen verglichen. In jungen Vitiligoherden verminderte sich die Zahl der basalen Melanocyten proportional zur Dauer der Erkrankung, während die Zahl der Alphadendritenzellen (indeterminate cells, Zelickson) zunahm. Die Summe der beiden Zellarten blieb relativ konstant. Es wird postuliert, daß aktive Melanocyten inaktiv werden und sich in Alphadendritenzellen umwandeln. Später, wenn die Zahl der Melanocyten sich dem Nullpunkt nähert, beginnen auch die Alphadendritenzellen auszusterben. Erst dann beginnt eine Verteilungsänderung der Langerhans-Zellen. Ihre Gesamtzahl ändert sich nicht, aber eine Anzahl von ihnen findet sich in der Basalschicht. Die Vorgänge sind beim Leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum ähnlich. In Regressionsherden der präcancerösen Melanose finden sich außerdem cytoplasmatische Degenerationserscheinungen in den neoplastischen Melanocyten.

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Read in part before the VIIth International Pigment Cell Conference, Seattle, September 2-6, 1969 [10], and in part before the XIV th International Congress of Dermatology, Venice, May 22-27, 1972.

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Yutaka, M., Heiwa, K. & Hermann, P. Dendritic cell dynamics in progressive depigmentations. Arch. Derm. Forsch. 243, 67–87 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595220

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