Summary
Three types of dendritic cells (melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and α-dendritic cells) were identified and counted by the electron microscopic quantitation method of human epidermis. Five specimens of vitiligo of varying duration, four specimens of leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum, and two areas of spontaneous regression in Dubreuilh's precancerous melanosis (lentigo maligna) were compared with four normal controls. In vitiligo of relatively short duration, the number of melanocytes in the basal layer gradually decreased with the age of the lesion, and the number of α-dendritic cells (indeterminate cells, Zelickson) increased, their sum remaining fairly constant. It is postulated that active melanocytes become inactive and are converted into α-dendritic cells. Later, when the number of melanocytes approaches near zero, the α-dendritic cells also begin to decrease in number. It is only then that Langerhans cells show a change in distribution. Their total number remains constant, but Langerhans cells are now found to be increased in the basal layer. The events in leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum are similar. In regressing areas of Dubreuilh's precancerous melanosis, we found distinct signs of cytoplasmic degradation in the neoplastic melanocytes in addition to the other phenomena.
Zusammenfassung
Eine direkte Zählmethode wurde benutzt, um in elektronenmikroskopischen Schnitten die absolute und relative Zahl der drei Arten von Dendritenzellen (Melanocyten, Langerhans-Zellen und Alphadendritenzellen) in der Epidermis zu bestimmen. Die Haut von 5 Vitiligoherden, 4 Fällen von Leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum und 2 Arealen von Spontanregression einer präcancerösen Melanose (Dubreuilh) wurde mit 4 normalen Kontrollen verglichen. In jungen Vitiligoherden verminderte sich die Zahl der basalen Melanocyten proportional zur Dauer der Erkrankung, während die Zahl der Alphadendritenzellen (indeterminate cells, Zelickson) zunahm. Die Summe der beiden Zellarten blieb relativ konstant. Es wird postuliert, daß aktive Melanocyten inaktiv werden und sich in Alphadendritenzellen umwandeln. Später, wenn die Zahl der Melanocyten sich dem Nullpunkt nähert, beginnen auch die Alphadendritenzellen auszusterben. Erst dann beginnt eine Verteilungsänderung der Langerhans-Zellen. Ihre Gesamtzahl ändert sich nicht, aber eine Anzahl von ihnen findet sich in der Basalschicht. Die Vorgänge sind beim Leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum ähnlich. In Regressionsherden der präcancerösen Melanose finden sich außerdem cytoplasmatische Degenerationserscheinungen in den neoplastischen Melanocyten.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abercrombie M.: Estimation of nuclear population from microtome sections. Anat. Rec.94 239 (1946).
Birbeck, M. S., Breathnach, A. S., Everall, J. D.: An electron microscope study of basal melanocytes and high level clear cells (Langerhans cells) in vitiligo. J. invest. Derm.37, 51 (1961).
Breathnach, A. S.: Discussion for R. Stolar: Overnight occurance of vitiligo. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.100, 71 (1963).
—, Silvers, W. K., Smith, J., Heyner, S.: Langerhans cells in mouse skin experimentally deprived of its neural crest component. J. invest. Derm.50, 147 (1968).
Brown, J., Winkelmann, R. K., Wolff, K.: Langerhans cells in vitiligo: A quantitative study. J. invest. Derm.49, 386 (1967).
Farquhar, M. G., Palade, G. E.: Adenosine triphosphatase localization in amphibian epidermis. J. Cell Biol.30, 259 (1966).
Fitzpatrick, T. B., Quevedo, W. C., Jr., Levene, A. L., McGovern, V. J., Mishima, Y., Oettle, A. G.: Terminology of vertebrate melanin-containing cells: 1965. Science152, 88 (1966).
Mishima, Y.: Macromolecular changes in pigmentary disorders. Arch. Derm.91, 519 (1965);92, 393 (1965).
-- A case of vitiligo developed overnight: vitiligo fulminans. (In preparation.)
—, Kawasaki, H.: Dendritic cell dynamics in progressive depigmentation. Read before the VII. International Pigment Cell Conference, Seattle, September 2–6, 1969. J. invest. Derm.54, 93 (1970).
—, Silberberg, I.: Electron microscopy of leucoderma acguisitum centrifugum (Sutton). Skin. Res.11, 206 (1969).
—, Widlan, S.: Enzymically active and inactive melanocyte populations and ultraviolet irradiation: Combined dopa-premelanin reaction and electron microscopy. J. invest. Derm.49, 273 (1967).
Pinkus, H.: Examination of the epidermis by the strip method. J. invest. Derm.19, 431 (1952).
Silberberg, I., Mishima, Y.: Subcellular characterizations of three distinct disturbances of melanization in man. J. appl. Physics37, 3943 (1966).
Wolff, K., Winkelmann, R. K.: Ultrastructure localization of nucleoside triphosphatase in Langerhans cells. J. invest. Derm.48, 50 (1967).
Zelickson, A. S., Mottaz, J. H.: Localization of gold chloride and adenosine triphosphatase in human Langerhans cells. J. invest. Derm.51, 365 (1968).
—, —: The effect of sunlight on human epidermis. A quantitative electron microscopic study of dendritic cells. Arch. Derm.101, 312 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Read in part before the VIIth International Pigment Cell Conference, Seattle, September 2-6, 1969 [10], and in part before the XIV th International Congress of Dermatology, Venice, May 22-27, 1972.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yutaka, M., Heiwa, K. & Hermann, P. Dendritic cell dynamics in progressive depigmentations. Arch. Derm. Forsch. 243, 67–87 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595220
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00595220