Skip to main content
Log in

Psychiatric morbidity in London's Greek-Cypriot immigrant community

I. Associations with sociodemographic variables

  • Published:
Social psychiatry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

This article presents the results of a community survey of a random sample of Greek Cypriot immigrants in Camberwell, south London. The rates of psychiatric disorders according to the PSE-ID-CATEGO system and their association with demographic variables are reported. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders of level ID5 and above was 14.1%, within the range of the rates reported in most surveys using this instrument but higher than that in the local population. The presence of anxiety states was relatively increased. The rate for females (19.4%) was significantly higher than that for males (8.8%). No associations were found with age, generation, education or the presence of young children in the household. Marriage was associated with a lower rate of psychiatric disorders in males. Working class subjects had higher rates than their middle class counterparts. Lack of employment and the presence of physical problems was also associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders. The results of the study are discussed in the light of previous findings in the literature. It was possible to compare them with a similar subgroup in Athens and of the total population of Camberwell. Where the distribution of minor psychiatric illness differed clinically or demographically between the Athenian and London populations, the Greek Cypriots tended to resemble the former.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bagley C (1971) Mental illness in immigrant minorities in London. J Biosoc Sci 3: 449–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagley C, Binitie A (1970) Alcoholism and schizophrenia among Irishmen in London. Br J Addiction 65: 3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Bebbington PE, Hurry J, Tennant C (1981a) Psychiatric disorders in selected immigrant groups in Camberwell. Soc Psychiatry 16: 43–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Bebbington PE, Hurry J, Tennant C, Sturt E, Wing JK (1981b) Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychol Med 11: 561–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer J (1951) A social psychiatric investigation of a small community in northern Norway. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand [Suppl] 62

  • Brown GW, Harris T (1978) Social origins of depression. A study of psychiatric disorder in women. Tavistock, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter L, Brockington IF (1980) A study of mental illness in Asians, West Indians and Africans living in Manchester. Br J Psychiatry 137: 201–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Clare AW (1974) Mental illness in the Irish immigrant. J Irish Med Assoc 67: 20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R (1977) Mental illness in immigrants to England and Wales: an analysis of mental hospital admissions. Soc Psychiatry 12: 25–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R (1980) Mental illness in England, in Scotland and Scots living in England. Soc Psychiatry 15: 9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1977) Psychological and social adjustment of Asian immigrants to Britain: a community survey. Soc Psychiatry 12: 195–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1979) Psychological disturbance in Ireland, in England, and in Irish emigrants to England: a comparative study. Econ Soc Rev 10: 301–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1980a) The mental health of immigrants. New Commun 8: 123–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1980b) Factors affecting the distribution of psychological symptoms in urban areas of England. Acta Psychiatr Scand 61: 445–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1981a) Psychological symptom levels in Indian immigrants to England — a comparison with native English. Psychol Med 11: 319–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane R, Stopes-Roe M (1981b) Social class and psychological disorder in natives and immigrants to Britain. Int J Soc Psychiatry 27: 173–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Comstock GW, Helsing KJ (1976) Symptoms of depression in two communities. Psychol Med 6: 551–563

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantinides P (1977) The Greek-Cypriots: Factors in the maintenance of ethnic identity. In: Watson JL (ed) Between two cultures. Migrants and minorities in Britain. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 269–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean G, Walsh D, Downing H, Shelley E (1981a) First admissions of native-born and immigrants to psychiatric hospitals in south-east England 1976. Br J Psychiatry 139: 506–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean G, Downing H, Shelley E (1981b) First admissions to psychiatric hospitals in south-east England in 1976 among immigrants from Ireland. Br Med J 282: 1831–1833

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastwood MR, Trevelyan MH (1972) Relationship between physical and psychiatric disorder. Psychol Med 2: 363–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Essen Møller E (1956) Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand [Suppl] 100

  • Fabrega H (1969) Social and psychiatric aspects of acculturation and migration: a general statement. Compreh Psychiatry 10: 314–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay-Jones RA, Burvill PW (1977) The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders in the community. Psychol Med 7: 475–489

    Google Scholar 

  • George V (1966) The assimilation of Cypriot immigrants in London. Eugen Rev 58: 188–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldthorpe JH, Hope K (1974) The social grading of occupations. A new approach and scale. Clarendon, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove WR (1972) The relationship between sex roles, marital status and mental illness. Soc Forces 51: 34–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove WR (1973) Sex, marital status, and mortality. Am J Sociology 79: 45–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Gove WR, Tudor JF (1973) Adult sex roles and mental illness. Am J Sociol 79: 812–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare EH, Shaw GK (1965) Mental health on a new housing estate. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson S, Duncan-Jones P, Byrne DG, Scott R, Adcock S (1979) Psychiatric disorder in Canberra: a standardized study of prevalence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 60: 355–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemsi LK (1967) Psychiatric morbidity on West Indian immigrants. A study of first admissions in London. Soc Psychiatry 2: 95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitch P (1981) Immigration and mental health: local research and social explanations. New Commun 9: 256–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurry J, Sturt E, Bebbington PE (1983) Socio-demographic associations with social disablement in a community sample. Soc Psychiatry 18: 113–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilfeld FW (1978) Psychological status of community residents along major demographic dimensions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35: 716–724

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiev A (1965) Psychiatric morbidity of West Indian immigrants in an urban group practice. Br J Psychiatry 111: 51–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Langner T (1962) A twenty-two item screening score of psychiatric symptoms indicating impairment. J Health Soc Behav 3: 269–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria RE, MacHugh PR (1974) Reliability and clinical utility of the “Wing” Present State Examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30: 866–871

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyketsos GC, Lyketsos CG, Richardson SC, Beis A (1985) Depression and depressive syndromes in psychosomatic disorders. Paper presented at the regional meeting of the Word Psychiatric Association. Athens, October 1985

  • Madianos M (1980) Acculturation and mental health of Greek immigrants in USA. MD dissertation, University of Athens

  • Madianos M, Vlachonicolis I, Madianou D, Stefanis C (1985) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the Athens area. Acta Psychiatr Scand 71: 479–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Malzberg B (1969) Are immigrants psychologically disturbed? In: Plog SC, Edgerton RB (eds) Changing perspectives in mental illness. Holt, Reinhart; Winston, New York, pp 395–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavreas VG, Lyketsos CG, Lianopoulos D, Paterakis P, Paritsis N (1981) Application of the Present State Examination (PSE) Greek version in psychotic patients. Ippocratis 9: 179–188 (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavreas VG, Beis A, Mouyias A, Rigoni F, Lyketsos G (1986) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Athens. A community study. Soc Psychiatry 21: 172–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray J, Williams P (1986) Self-reported illness in general practice consultations in Asian-born and British-born residents of West London. Soc Psychiatry 21: 139–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Norusis MJ (1985) SPSSx. Advanced statistics guide. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Odegaard O (1932) Emigration and insanity. A study of mental disease among the Norwegian-born population of Minnesota. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand [Suppl] 4

  • Orley J, Wing JK (1979) Psychiatric disorders in two African villages. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36: 513–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Paykel ES, Prussof BA, Ulenhuth EH (1971) Scaling of life events. Arch Gen Psychiatry 25: 340–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinsent RJFH (1963) Morbidity in an immigrant population. Lancet 1:437–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto RT (1970) A study of psychiatric illness among Asians in the Camberwell area. Unpublished MPhil thesis, University of London

  • Rwegellera CGC (1977) Psychiatric morbidity among West Africans and West Indians living in London. Psychol Med 7: 317–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Srole L, Langner TS, Michael ST, Opler MK, Rennie TAC (1962) Mental health in the metropolis: the midtown Manhattan study, vol 1. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturt E, Bebbington PE, Hurry J, Tennant C (1981) The Present State Examination used by interviews from a Survey Agency: Report from the Camberwell Community Survey. Psychol Med 11: 185–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Surtees PG, Dean C, Ingham JG, Kreitman NB, Miller PMcC, Sashidaran SP (1983) Psychiatric disorder in women from an Edinburgh community: associations with demographic factors. Br J Psychiatry 142: 238–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennant C, Bebbington PE, Hurry J (1982) Female vulnerability to neurosis: the influence of social roles. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 16: 135–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlenhuth EH, Lipman RS, Balter MB, Stern M (1974) Symptom intensity and life stress in the city. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31: 759–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasquez-Barquero JL, Diez-Manrique JF, Pena C, Aldama J, Samaniego Rodriguez C, Menendez Arango J, Mirapeix C (1987) A community mental health survey in Cantabria: A general description of morbidity. Psychol Med 17

  • Vasquez-Barquero JL, Munoz PE, Madoz Jauregui V (1981) The interaction between physical illness and neurotic morbidity in the community. Br J Psychiatry 139: 328–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Warheit GJ, Holzer CE, Schwab JJ (1973) An analysis of social class and racial differences in depressive symptomatology: A community study. J Health Soc Behav 14: 291–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman MM, Klerman GL (1977) Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34: 98–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman MM, Myers J (1978a) Rates and risks of depressive symptoms in a United States urban community. Acta Psychiatr Scand 57: 219–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman MM, Myers J (1978b) Affective disorders in a United States urban community. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35: 1304–1314

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Sturt E (1978) The PSE-ID-CATEGO system supplementary manual. MRC Social Psychiatry Unit, London (mimeo)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Birley JLT, Cooper JE, Graham P, Isaacs AO (1967) Reliability of a procedure for measuring and classifying “Present Psychiatric State”. Br J Psychiatry 113: 499–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. An instruction manual for the PSE and the CATEGO program. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Nixon JM, Mann SA, Leff JP (1977a) Reliability of the PSE (9th edition) used in a population study. Psychol Med 7: 505–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Henderson AS, Winckle M (1977b) The rating of symptoms by a psychiatrist and a non-psychiatrist: a study of patients referred from general practice. Psychol Med 7: 713–715

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Mann SA, Leff JP, Nixon JM (1978) The concept of a “case” in psychiatric population surveys. Psychol Med 8: 203–217

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mavreas, V.G., Bebbington, P.E. Psychiatric morbidity in London's Greek-Cypriot immigrant community. Soc Psychiatry 22, 150–159 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00583849

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00583849

Keywords

Navigation