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Help!: Prevalence and disposition of psycho-social problems in the hospital emergency unit

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Summary

A study was undertaken of the incidence and nature of psycho-social problems in the general hospital emergency unit, since this facility has become a major general health resource for the community, but is still uncertain about the breadth of its responsibilities. Psychiatric evaluations indicate that more than three quarters of the patients have significant psycho-social problems. Although the patient, attending physician, and psychiatrist agree that these are more likely to be severe than are physical problems, the former two tend to overlook them in favor of coexisting physical problems; the physician especially ignores social problems. The psychiatrist's sensitivity to more covert problems and social problems seems related to his attention to the broad background and functioning of the patient. Only the most overt and severe psychosocial problems receive specialized help either in the emergency unit or via referral to other specialized agencies. Some suggestions are offered for changes in policy, staff education, staffing and equipping, and inter-agency coordination and resource development to help the emergency unit fulfill its responsibilities to the psycho-social health needs of the community.

Résumé

On a entrepris une étude de l'incidence et de la nature des problèmes psycho-sociaux dans le service d'urgence de l'hôpital général, puisque ce service est devenu une importante ressource de soins pour la communauté, mais qu'il n'est pas encore clairement défini quant à l'étendue de ses responsabilités. Des évaluations psychiatriques montrent que plus des trois quarts des patients ont des problèmes psycho-sociaux. Bien que le patient, le médecin assistant et le psychiatre s'accordent à dire que ces problèmes sont plus susceptibles d'etre graves que les problèmes physiques, les deux premiers (le patient et le médecin) tendent à les négliger au profit des problèmes physiques co-existants; le médecin surtout ignore les problèmes sociaux. La sensibilité du psychiatre à des problèmes sous-jacents et à des problèmes sociaux semble liée à l'attention qu'il porte au milieu et aux conditions — dans le sens large — du patient. Seuls les problèmes psycho-sociaux les plus évidents et les plus graves reçoivent l'aide de spécialistes, soit dans le service d'urgence, soit par la voie d'autres services spécialisés. On suggère quelques changements de politique, de formation du personnel, de choix du personnel et d'équipement, ainsi que dans la coordination entre les différents services et le développement des ressources, afin d'aider le service d'urgence à assumer ses responsabilités face aux besoins psycho-sociaux de la communauté.

Zusammenfassung

In der Notfallabteilung eines allgemeinen Krankenhauses wurden die Incidenz und die Art der psychosozialen Probleme untersucht, weil diese Abteilung eine größere Versorgungseinrichtung für die allgemeine Gesundheit der Gemeinde geworden ist, aber noch eine Ungewißheit über die Breite ihrer Verantwortung besteht. Psychiatrische Schätzungen deuten darauf hin, daß mehr als drei Viertel der Patienten bedeutsame psychosoziale Probleme haben. Obwohl der Patient, der behandelnde Arzt und der Psychiater darin übereinstimmen, daß diese mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit schwerwiegender sind als die physischen, neigen die ersten beiden dazu, sie zugunsten der zugleich bestehenden physischen Probleme zu übersehen; der Arzt ignoriert ganz besonders soziale Probleme. Die Sensitivität des Psychiaters für verborgenere Probleme und für soziale Probleme scheint mit seinem Interesse für die weiteren Lebensumstände und das Funktionieren des Patienten in Beziehung zu stehen. Nur den offenkundigsten und schwersten psychosozialen Problemen wird entweder in der Notfallabteilung oder durch die Überweisung zu anderen spezialisierten Diensten eine besondere Hilfe zuteil. Einige Veränderungen werden empfohlen: im Vorgehen, in der Personalausbildung, in der Zusammenstellung des Personals und in der Ausrüstung und in der Koordination zwischen den einzelnen Einrichtungen sowie in der Entwicklung von Versorgungseinrichtungen, um der Notfallabteilung bei der Erfüllung ihrer Verantwortlichkeiten gegenüber den Bedürfnissen der Gemeinde nach psychosozialer Gesundheit zu helfen.

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This research was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service grants MH 6198 and FR 05487. Gratitude is due Dr. Erich Lindemann for inspiring the study, and for his encouragement and administrative support. Drs. John Baldwin, Marc Fried, Frederick Duhl, and Ralph Notman helped with planning and organization, and Dr. David Armor consulted on analysis. Drs. Jane Bain and Sinclair Sutherland helped collect the data, and the interest and cooperation of the emergency unit staff and patients made the research possible. Mrs. Sylvia Bohrer was irreplaceable in organizing and coding the data and her insights into the dynamics in the emergency unit.

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Satin, D.G. Help!: Prevalence and disposition of psycho-social problems in the hospital emergency unit. Soc Psychiatry 6, 105–113 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577979

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