Summary
Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Birtchnell, J.: Social class, parental social class and social mobility in psychiatric patients and general population controls. Psychol. Med.1, 209 (1971)
Cochrane, R.: Mental illness in immigrants to England and Wales: an analysis of mental hospital admissions, 1971. Social Psychiatry12, 25 (1977)
Cochrane, R., Stopes-Roe, M. E.: Psychological and social adjustment of Asian immigrants to Britain: A community survey. Social Psychiatry12, 195 (1977)
Cochrane, R., Stopes-Roe, M. E.: Psychological disturbance in Ireland, in England and in Irish immigrants to England: a comparative study. Economic Soc. Rev. (In press)
Department of Health and Social Security: Statistical Report Series Number 6: In-patient statistics for England and Wales, 1971. London: H.M.S.O. 1973
Dohrenwend, B. P., Dohrenwend, B. S.: Social status and psychological disorder: a causal inquiry. New York: Wiley 1969
Jessor, R., Graves, T. D., Hanson, R. C., Jessor, S. L.: Society, personality and deviant behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968
Kantor, M.: Internal migration and mental illness. In: Changing perspectives in mental health. eds.S. C. Plog, R. Edgerton) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1969
Lynn, R.: Personality and national character. Oxford: Pergamon Press1971
Norris, H., Yates, F. E.: Personal communication, 1979
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys: Census of Great Britain, 1971: Country of birth tables. London: H.M.S.O. 1974
Otto, S., Orford, J.: Not quite like home: Small hostels for alcoholics and others. Chichester: John Wiley 1978
Schmidt, W., Popham, R. E.: The single distribution theory of alcohol consumption. J. Stud. Alcohol39, 400 (1978)
Scottish Home and Health Department: Scottish Health Statistics 1972. Edinburgh: H.M.S.O. 1974
Taylor, J.: Plea on plight of young Scots stranded in London. Guardian, 4th September (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cochrane, R. Mental illness in England, in Scotland and in Scots living in England. Soc Psychiatry 15, 9–15 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577956
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577956