Summary
By recording the incubation time needed for initial appearance of the red and blue formazans the reliability of the histochemical method for 3β-HSD was investigated:
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1.
Prefixation of small tissue blocks with 1% w/v methanol-free formaldehyde (pH=7.2) for up to 30 min preserved morphological integrity as well as maximal enzyme activity. Moreover, the substantivity of formazans and lipids was enhanced.
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2.
Commercial available glutaraldehyde (pH=7.2) induced SH groups in the tissue (even at 0.1% w/v for 5 min) thereby enhancing the Nothing dehydrogenase reaction.
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3.
Preextraction of lipids with acetone for 20 min at −30° C caused no loss of activity and was an inevitable step if a reliable activity pattern had to be achieved (e.g. in interstitial cells).
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4.
No diffusion of enzyme was noticed within 30 min of preincubation in phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH=7.2) at 20° C.
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5.
By using the double-section incubation method no diffusion of 3β-HSD or rediffusion of NADH or PMSH could be noticed within 45 min of incubation, provided that low concentrations of NAD (0.1 mg/ml) and PMS (0.003 mg/ml) were balanced against the concentration of Nitro BT (0.5 mg/ml) or Tetranitro BT (1.0 mg/ml).
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6.
The utility of different inhibitors of alkaline phosphomonoesterase was tested and discussed.
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7.
By inhibiting alkaline phosphomonoesterase with 0.1 mM ofl-p-bromotetramisole or 16 mM ofβ-glycerophosphate, 3β-HSD was shown to be exclusively NAD-linked.
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8.
Levamisole was a potent inhibitor of NADH-tetrazolium reductase as well as 3β-HSD, but not of NADPH-tetrazolium reductase.
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9.
3β-HSD possess SH groups requisite for the activity as this enzyme was totally inhibited byn-ethyl maleimide.
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10.
Whether alcohol dehydrogenases may use steroids as substrate is discussed. It is concluded that preextraction (by acetone) and/or the use of an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (1,10-phenanthroline) has to be performed.
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11.
Propylene glycol was a poor solvent for all substrates and was itself an excellent substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase.
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12.
Specifications for the ideal solvent of steroid substrates in the histochemical practice are proposed. DMSO showed to be promising as a steroid solvent (e.g. extraction of formazans was considerably lower as compared to DMF).
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13.
The utilization of substrates was descending in the following order (using 1 mM and 0.1 ml/ml of either DMF or DMSO): epiandrosterone, methandriol, dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone.
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4.
If DMSO was used as solvent for pregnenolone (but not for the other substrates tested) an evident increase of activity was recorded as compared to DMF.
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Høyer, P.E., Andersen, H. Histochemistry of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat ovary. Histochemistry 51, 167–193 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567222
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567222