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Rejuvenation procedures to recover creep properties of nickel-base superalloys by heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing techniques

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Abstract

The rejuvenation procedures to recover the creep properties of nickel-base superalloys by atmospheric pressure heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing techniques have been reviewed in detail. It is very important that such treatments be applied at an optimum stage in the service life of a turbine blade. In other words, the rejuvenation procedures must be applied early enough to prevent catastrophic failures or irreparable damage and late enough to give a cost-effective benefit. The optimum stage at which to undertake a rejuvenation procedure to extend the creep lives of superalloys is immediately prior to the tertiary stage. By using these techniques it is not possible to extend the creep lives of superalloys indefinitely because of the accumulation of some “permanent” damage incurred during service conditions.

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Abbreviations

ERF:

Economic repair factor

P r :

Price of repaired and rejuvenated part

P n :

Price of new part

L n :

Potential operational life of new part

L r :

Potential operational life of repaired/rejuvenated part

N :

Cavity density or number of cavities per unit area (mm−2)

n v :

Number of cavities per unit volume (mm−3)

ɛ:

Creep strain

σ1 :

Maximum principal stress (MPa)

¯σ:

von Mises effective shear stress (MPa)

t f :

Time to failure

t t :

Time to commencement of tertiary creep

λ:

Creep damage tolerance parameter

ɛf :

Strain at fracture (or failure)

T m :

Absolute melting temperature

σ0 :

Friction stress

r :

Spherical radius of cavities

2x:

Intercavity spacing

δ:

Grain boundary width

P I :

Cavity gas pressure

P H :

External hydrostatic pressure

Ω:

Atomic volume

k :

Boltzmann constant

T :

Absolute temperature

γ:

Surface energy of the cavity

D b :

Grain boundary diffusion coefficient

φd :

Ductility recovery parameter

ɛ′:

Strain to reach the same acceleration after recovery annealing

ɛ0 :

Strain necessary for standard material to reach a given acceleration of the secondary-creep rate in the tertiary region

ɛt :

Strain needed to have produced the reduced cavity volume after rejuvenation annealing

\(\dot \varepsilon \) :

Creep rate

\(\dot \varepsilon _{\text{s}} \) :

Secondary or minimum creep rate

ɛ1 :

Strain previous to the regenerative annealing period

n :

Total number of strain/regenerative anneal cycles

φv :

Recovery parameter for cavity volume

V 0 :

Original total cavity volume at the start of the recovery

V t :

Cavity volume after recovery annealing for a timet

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  1. Division of Materials Science and Technology, CSIR, PO Box 395, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa

    A. Baldan

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Baldan, A. Rejuvenation procedures to recover creep properties of nickel-base superalloys by heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing techniques. J Mater Sci 26, 3409–3421 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00557126

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