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Agranular stellate cells (so-called follicular cells) in human fetal and adult adenohypophysis and in pituitary adenoma

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Summary

Electron microscopic examination of the human fetal and adult adenohypophysis reveals a cellular network composed of epithelial stellate cells. These cells have no secretory granules. Their cytoplasm extends multiple processes and composes a supporting framework. The stellate cells are connected to each other or to adjacent granulated secretory cells by distinct junctional complexes. In the early stage of the fetus, these cells frequently form follicles and ductule-like intercellular spaces. In the adult such structures are rarely observed. The agranular stellate cells exhibit more cytological activity and possibly play some metabolic role. In two out of 18 cases of pituitary adenoma, these cells constitute a part of the tumor tissue. The stellate cells are interpreted as undifferentiated pituitary cells by some investigators. However, the marginal cells of Rathke's pouch and the primordial cells of the primitive adenohypophysis in the human embryo exhibit still more immature cytological characters and are thought to differentiate into granulated and agranular stellate cells.

Zusammenfassung

Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen der Adenohypophyse von menschlichen Foeten und Erwachsenen decken ein zelluläres Netzwerk auf, das von sternförmigen Epithelien, den sogenannten agranulären Sternzellen gebildet wird. Diese Zellen haben keine sekretorischen Granula, weisen jedoch multiple cytoplasmatische Fortsätze auf und formen auf diese Weise eine Art Stützgerüst. Die sternförmigen Zellen verbinden sich untereinander oder mit benachbarten granulierten sekretorischen Zellen mittels deutlichen Verbindungs-apparaten. In foetalen Frühstadien bilden diese Zellen oft Follikel und Ductulus-ähnliche Intercellularräume. Beim Erwachsenen sind solche Strukturen jedoch selten. Die agranulären Sternzellen zeigen eine ausgeprägte celluläre Aktivität und haben möglicherweise eine gewisse metabolische Bedeutung. In zwei von 18 Fällen mit Hypophysenadenom bilden diese Zellen einen Teil des Tumorgewebes.

Die Sternzellen werden von einigen Autoren als undifferenzierte Hypophysenzellen angesehen. Die marginalen Zellen der Rathke'schen Tasche und die primordialen Zellen der primitiven Adenohypophyse menschlicher Embryonen weisen jedoch andere cytologisch unreife Strukturen auf. Wahrscheinlich können sich diese Zellen einerseits in granuläre sekretorische Hypophysenzellen und andererseits in agranuläre Sternzellen ausdifferenzieren.

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Fukuda, T. Agranular stellate cells (so-called follicular cells) in human fetal and adult adenohypophysis and in pituitary adenoma. Virchows Arch. Abt. A Path. Anat. 359, 19–30 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549080

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