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Atypische bakterielle Endokarditis und Klappenringabsceß

Atypical bacterial endocarditis and valve ring abscess

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Summary

Fourteen cases of valve ring abscesses of the heart associated with atypical bacterial endocarditis are presented. This entity occurs in the older age groups and predominately in women. Large abscesses in the calcific mitral annulus, constant endocarditis in the subvalve angle, and inconstant thrombo-ulcerous endocarditis on the atrial surface characterize the pathoanatomical pattern in our twelve acute cases. Endocarditic lesions could not be found in two chronic cases with encapsulated valve-ring abcesses. Usually, the valve ring abscesses and the concomitant basic atypical endocarditis are localized on the posterior mitral cusp. Important pathogenetic factors are senile mitral annulus sclerosis, a decreased movement of the posterior cusp, stasis in the subvalve angle, and calcifying humpy subvalvular thrombotic deposits that form pockets for fresh thrombi which become invaded by bacteria. The infection of the valve rings and the following ring abscesses originate from the acute subvalvular endocarditis. However, this mode of infection can cause the inconstant thromboulcerous endocarditis on the atrial surface, which developed in only the half of our cases. In five of ten cases examined bacteriologically Staphylococcus aureus was grown, in two other cases Streptococcus pyogenes, in two cases Escherichia coli, and in one instance Salmonella cholerae suis. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of a valve ring abscess due to S. cholerae suis. It has been particularly discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Anhand von 14 eigenen Fällen wird das Krankheitsbild der atypischen bakteriellen Endokarditis mit Klappenringabsceß beschrieben. Das Krankheitsbild kommt in höherem Alter vor, es besteht ein starkes Überwiegen des weiblichen Geschlechts. Größere Absceßbildungen im verkalkten Faserring der Mitralklappe, konstante Endokarditis im subvalvulären Winkel und inkonstante thrombulceröse Endokarditis an der Klappenoberfläche kennzeichnen das anatomische Bild bei den 12 akuten Fällen. Bei 2 chronischen Fällen mit abgekapseltem Klappenringabsceß fehlt die Endokarditis. Die Klappenringabscesse und die sie begleitende basale „atypische“ Endokarditis sind regelmäßig im marginalen Segel der Mitralklappe lokalisiert. Wichtige pathogenetische Faktoren sind die senile Klappenringsklerose mit Bewegungseinschränkung des marginalen Segels, Stase im subvalvulären Winkel und verkalkende höckerige Thrombenabscheidungen subvalvulär mit Nischenbildungen, in denen die Bakterienansiedelung auf frischen Thromben erfolgt. Von der akuten subvalvulären Endokarditis geht die Infektion des Faserringes und die Absceßbildung aus. Sie kann — in dieser Untersuchungsreihe in der Hälfte der Fälle — auch zu thrombulceröser Endokarditis an der atrialen Seite der Mitralklappe führen. In 5 von 10 bakteriologisch untersuchten Fällen wurde Staphylococcus aureus, in 2 Fällen Streptococcus pyogenes, in 2 weiteren Fällen Escherichia coli und bei einem Fall Salmonella cholerae suis als Erreger nachgewiesen. Die unicale Beobachtung eines Klappenringabscesses durch S. cholerae suis wird ausführlicher besprochen.

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Bayer, P.M., Pridun, N. & Wuketich, S. Atypische bakterielle Endokarditis und Klappenringabsceß. Virchows Arch. Abt. A Path. Anat. 352, 182–194 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00548375

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00548375

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