References
Cole BJ (1981) Overlap, regularity, and flowering phenologies. Am Nat 117:993–997
Heinrich B (1975) Bee flowers: a hypothesis on flower variety and blooming times. Evolution 29:325–334
Heithaus ER, Fleming TH, Opler PA (1975) Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56:841–854
Hocking B (1968) Insect-flower associations in the high arctic with special reference to nectar. Oikos 19:359–388
Parrish JAD, Bazzaz FA (1979) Difference in pollination niche relationships in early and late successional plant communities. Ecology 60:597–610
Pleasants JM (1980) Competition for bumblebee pollinators in Rocky Mountain plant communities. Ecology 61:1446–1459
Poole RW, Rathcke BJ (1979) Regularity, randomness, and aggregation in flowering phenologies. Science 203:470–471
Poole RW, Sager T, Rathcke BJ Statistical tests of some patterns of niche separation. Unpub. ms.
Slatkin M (1980) Ecological character displacement. Ecology 61:163–177
Snow DW (1966) A possible selective factor in the evolution of fruiting seasons in a tropical forest. Oikos 15:274–281
Stiles FG (1977) Coadapted competitors: the flowering seasons of hummingbrid-pollinated plants in a tropical forest. Science 198:1177–1178
Stiles FG (1979) Reply to Poole and Rathcke. Science 203:471
Strong DR, Szyska LA, Simberloff DS (1979) Tests of community wide character displacement against null hypotheses. Evolution 33:897–913
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gleeson, S.K. Character displacement in flowering phenologies. Oecologia 51, 294–295 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540618
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540618