Abstract
The digestion of single peptidoglycan chains of the recently proposed conformation (Formanek et al., 1974) can be described with the same enzymatic mechanism as proposed by Phillips for a hexasaccharide consisting of alternating N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid residues (Phillips, 1966). It is shown by model building, that in a peptidoglycan lysozyme complex the peptide chains do not exhibit any sterical hindrance.
The digestion of the peptidoglycan sacculus by lysozyme may occur at lattice defects of its paracrystalline structure. A slit of about 30 å lenght and 10–15 å width between peptidoglycan micells may be sufficient for the attachment of lysozyme.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berger, L. R., Weiser, R. S.: The Β-glucosaminidase activity of egg white lysozyme. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 26, 517–521 (1957)
Blundell, T. L., Johnson, L. N.: Protein crystallography, pp. 18–57. New York: Academic Press 1976
Braun, V., Gnirke, H., Henning, U., Rehn, K.: Model for the structure of the shape-maintaining layer of the Escherichia coli cell envelope. J. Bact. 114, 1264–1270 (1973)
Carlström, D.: The crystal structure of α-chitin. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3, 669–683 (1957)
Eigen, M.: Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules. Naturwissenschaften 58, 465–522 (1971)
Formanek, H., Formanek, S., Wawra, H.: A three-dimensional model of the murein layer of bacteria. Europ. J. Biochem. 46, 279–294 (1974)
Formanek, H., Schleifer, K. H., Seidl, H. P., Lindemann, R., Zundel, G.: Three dimensional structure of peptidoglycans of bacterial cell walls: Infrared investigations. FEBS Lett. 70, 150–154 (1976)
Giesbrecht, P., Wecke, J., Reinicke, B.: On the morphogenesis of the cell wall of Staphylococci. Int. Rev. Cytol. 44, 225–318 (1976)
Hammes, P., Kandler, O.: Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in Gaffkya homari. Europ. J. Biochem. 70, 97–106 (1976)
Higgins, M. L., Shockman, G. D.: Procaryotic cell division with respect to wall and membranes. C.R.C. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 1, 29–71 (1971)
Hosemann, R.: Parakristalle in Biopolymeren und synthetischen Polymeren. Endeavour 32, 99–105 (1973)
Hosemann, R.: Bedeutung des parakristallinen Zustandes für die Kolloidwissenschaft. Progr. Colloid and Polymer Sci. 60, 213–219 (1976)
Jeuniaux, Ch.: Chitinases. Methods Enzymol. 8, 644–650 (1966)
Johnson, L. N.: The crystal structure of N-acetyl α-d-glucosamine. Acta Cryst. 21, 885–891 (1966)
Kandler, O., Formanek, H.: The possible tertiary structure of peptidoglycan. Proc. 1st Intersect. Congr. Int. Ass. Microbiol. Soc. Tokyo, pp. 491–495 (1974)
Klug, H. P., Alexander, L. E.: X-ray diffraction procedures for polycrystalline and amorphous material. New York: John Wiley a. Sons, Inc. 1954
Knox, J. R., Murthy, S. S.: The conformation of N-Acetyl-α-d-muramic acid and its relation to penicillin. Acta Cryst. B30, 365–371 (1974)
Kelemen, M. V., Rogers, H. J.: Three-dimensional molecular models of bacterial cell wall mucopeptides (peptidoglycans). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 992–996 (1971)
Langer, R., Formanek, S., Formanek, H., Frank, J., Martin, H. H., Hoppe, W.: Zur Struktur des Murein-Sacculus von Spirillum serpens. Quantitative elektronenmikroskopische Arbeiten bei hoher Auflösung. Z. physiol. Chem. 350, 1173–1174 (1969)
Meyer, K. H.: High Polymers, vol. 4. Natural an synthetic high polymers, pp. 310–336. New York: Interscience Publishers 1950
Oldmixon, E. H., Glauser, S., Higgins, M. L.: Two proposed general configurations for bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans shown by space-filling molecular models. Biopolymers 13, 2037–2060 (1974)
Phillips, D. C.: The three-dimensional structure of an enzyme molecule. Sci. Amer. 215, 78–90 (1966)
Ramachandran, G. N., Ramakrishnan, C., Sasisekharan, V.: Aspects in protein structure, pp. 121–135. New York: Academic Press 1963
Schleifer, K. H., Kandler, O.: Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their implications. Bact. Rev. 36, 407–477 (1972)
Tipper, D. J.,: Structure and function of peptidoglycans. Int. J. System. Bact. 20, 361–377 (1970)
Weidel, W., Pelzer, H.: Bagshaped macromolecules — a new outlook on bacterial cell walls. Advanc. Enzymol. 26, 193–232 (1964)
Weidel, W., Frank, H., Martin, H. H.: The rigid layer of the cell wall of Escherichia coli strain B. J. Gen. Microbiol. 22, 158–166 (1960)
Zachmann, H. G.: Der kristalline Zustand makromolekularer Stoffe. Angew. Chemie 86, 283–320 (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Formanek, H. A three dimensional model of the digestion of peptidoglycan by lysozyme. Biophys. Struct. Mechanism 4, 1–14 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00538836
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00538836