Abstract
A photosensory mechanism is proposed for Halobacterium halobium based on the observation of light-induced motor responses. Possible mechanisms of signal transduction in Halobacterium are discussed. Bacteriorhodopsin and the visual pigment rhodopsin are compared with respect to their structural and functional properties. The conclusion is drawn that Halobacterium may help to understand primary photochemical events of rhodopsin rather than the transduction mechanism of visual photoreceptors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berg, H. C.: Bacterial behaviour. Nature (Lond.) 254, 389–392 (1973)
Blaurock, A. E., Stoeckenius, W.: Structure of the purple membrane. Nature, New Biol. (Lond.) 233, 152–154 (1971)
Busch, G. E., Applebury, M., Lamola, A. A., Rentzepis, P. M.: Formation and decay of prelumirhodopsin at room temperature. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 69, 2802–2806 (1972)
Christian, J. H. B., Waltho, J.: Solute concentrations within cells of halophilic and nonhalophilic bacteria. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 65, 506–508 (1962)
Clayton, R. K.: On the interplay of environmental factors affecting taxis and motility in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Arch. Mikrobiol. 29, 189–212 (1958)
Cone, R. A.: Rhodopsin — Rotational diffusion in the visual receptor membrane. Nature, New Biol. (Lond.) 236, 39–43 (1972)
Danon, A., Stoeckenius, W.: Photophosphorylation in Halobacterium halobium. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 71, 1234–1238 (1974)
Dencher, N., Wilms, M.: Flash photometric experiments on the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin. Biophys. Struct. Mechanism 1, 259–271 (1975)
Drachev, L. A., Kaulen, A. D., Ostroumov, S. A., Skulachev, V. P.: Electrogenesis by bacteriorhodopsin incorporated in a planar phospholipid membrane. FEBS-Lett. 39, 43–45 (1974)
Eckert, R.: Bioelectric control of ciliary activity. Science 176, 473–481 (1972)
Hamdorf, K., Paulsen, R., Schwemer, J.: Photoregeneration and sensitivity control of photoreceptors of invertebrates. In: Biochemistry and Physiology of Visual Pigments (ed. by H. Langer), p. 155–166. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1973
Henderson, R.: The structure of the purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium: Analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern. J. molec. Biol. 93, 123–138 (1975)
Hildebrand, E., Dencher, N.: Two photosystems controlling behavioural responses of Halobacterium halobium. Nature (Lond.) 257, 46–48 (1975)
Houwink, A. L.: Flagella, gas vacuoles and cell-wall structure in Halobacterium halobium; an electron microscope study. J. gen. Microbiol. 15, 146–150 (1956)
Hubbard, R., Kropf, A.: Molecular aspects of visual excitation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 81, 388–398 (1959)
Hubbard, R., St. Georges, R. C. C.: The rhodopsin system of the squid. J. gen. Physiol. 41, 501–528 (1958)
Hubbard, R., Bownds, D., Yoshizawa, T.: The chemistry of visual photoreception. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 30, 301–315 (1965)
Kaufmann, K. J., Rentzepis, P. M., Stoeckenius, W., Lewis, A.: Primary photochemical processes in bacteriorhodopsin. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 68, 1109–1115 (1976)
Kayushin, L. P., Skulachev, V. P.: Bacteriorhodopsin as an electrogenic proton pump: Reconstitution of bacteriorhodopsin proteoliposomes generating δψ and δ pH. FEBS-Lett. 39, 39–42 (1974)
Larsen, S. H., Adler, J., Gargus, J. J., Hogg, R. W.: Chemomechanical coupling without ATP: The source of energy for motility and chemotaxis in bacteria. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 71, 1239–1243 (1974)
Larsen, S. H., Reader, R. W., Kort, E. N., Tso, W.-W., Adler, J.: Change in direction of flagellar rotation is the basis of the chemotactic response in Escherichia coli. Nature (Lond.) 249, 74–77 (1974)
Lewis, A.: Tunable laser resonance Raman spectroscopic investigations of the transduction process in vertebrate rod cells. Fed. Proc. 35, 51–53 (1976)
Lewis, A.: Primary photophysical and photochemical processes in visual excitation. Biophys. Struct. Mechanism 3, in press (1977)
Lewis, A., Spoonhover, J., Bogomolni, R. A., Lozier, R. H., Stoeckenius, W.: Tunable laser resonance Raman spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 71, 4462–4466 (1974)
Liebman, P. A., Entine, G.: Lateral diffusion of visual pigment in photoreceptor disk membranes. Science 185, 457–459 (1974)
Lozier, R. H., Bogomolni, R. A., Stoeckenius, W.: Bacteriorhodopsin: A light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium halobium. Biophys. J. 15, 955–962 (1975)
Matthews, R. G., Hubbard, R., Brown, P. K., Wald, G.: Tautomeric forms of metarhodopsin. J. gen. Physiol. 47, 215–240 (1963)
Oesterhelt, D., Hess, B.: Reversible photolysis of the purple complex in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Europ. J. Biochem. 37, 316–326 (1973)
Oesterhelt, D., Stoeckenius, W.: Rhodopsin-like protein from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Nature, New Biol. (Lond.) 233, 149–152 (1971)
Oesterhelt, D., Stoeckenius, W.: Functions of a new photoreceptor membrane. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. 70, 2853–2857 (1973)
Oesterhelt, D., Meentzen, M., Schuhmann, L.: Reversible dissociation of the purple complex in bacteriorhodopsin and identification of 13-cis and all-trans-retinal as its chromophores. Europ. J. Biochem. 40, 453–463 (1973)
Ordal, G. W.: Control of tumbling in bacterial chemotaxis by divalent cation. J. Bact. 126, 706–711 (1976)
De Pamphilis, M. L., Adler, J.: Fine structure and isolation of the hook-basal body complex of flagella from Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 105, 384–395 (1971a)
De Pamphilis, M. L., Adler, J.: Attachment of flagellar basal bodies to the cell envelope: Specific attachment to the outer, lipopolysaccharide membrane and the cytoplasmic membranes. J. Bact. 105, 396–407 (1971b)
Racker, E., Stoeckenius, W.: Reconstitution of purple membrane vesicles cytalyzing light-driven proton uptake and adenosine triphosphate formation. J. biol. Chem. 249, 662–663 (1974)
Silverman, M. R., Simon, M.: Flagellar rotation and the mechanism of bacterial motility. Nature (Lond.) 249, 73–74 (1974)
Sumper, M., Reitmeier, H., Oesterhelt, D.: Biosynthesis of the purple membrane of halobacteria. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 15, 187–194 (1976)
Wald, G.: The molecular basis of visual excitation. Nature (Lond.) 219, 800–807 (1968)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hildebrand, E. What does Halobacterium tell us about photoreception?. Biophys. Struct. Mechanism 3, 69–77 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00536457
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00536457