Summary
This paper, as a number of earlier ones, is concerned with the rational establishment of twodimensional differential equations for the approximate analysis of stress and strain in elastic layers with spacecurved middle surface. It has been known for some time that the principal difficulty of this problem is to establish rational two-dimensional constitutive equations which correspond to a given system of constitutive equations for the layer treated as a three-dimensional continuum. — In an earlier publication [18] the point had been made that since two-dimensional shell theory was concerned with stress resultants and stress couples, it ought to be advantageous to derive such a theory from a three-dimensional theory in which force stresses as well as moment stresses were incorporated, even for media which, actually, were incapable of supporting moment stresses. — The earlier work [18] had indicated that, mathematically, the advantages of approaching the derivation of two-dimensional shell theory from three-dimensional moment stress elastically theory had to do with the form of the compatibility equations for strain in such a three-dimensional theory. Briefly, with these three-dimensional compatibility equations it becomes possible to concentrate all three-dimensional aspects of the shell problem in a three-dimensional system of integro-differential constitutive equations, and the task of deriving rational two-dimensional constitutive equations becomes nothing but the task of establishing suitable asymptotic expansions for the solutions of these three-dimensional integro-differential equations. In the work in [18] this task had not actually been carried out. The present paper establishes a significant rearrangement of the system of integro-differential equations, in such a way that the nature of the necessary asymptotic expansions is made evident. — With this, explicit results are obtained which include the system of two-dimensional constitutive equations of Koiter and Sanders for an iotropic homogeneous medium, as well as a system of constitutive equations for a class of shells for which the normals to the middle surface are not directions of elastic symmetry, as well as a system of constitutive equations for shells which are sufficiently soft in transverse shear to make transverse shear deformation a first-order effect.
Übersicht
In dieser Veröffentlichung wird die rationelle Aufstellung der zweidimensionalen Differentialgleichungen für die näherungsweise Bestimmung von Spannungen und Verformungen in elastischen Schichten mit räumlich gekrümmter Mittelfläche behandelt. Es ist bekannt, daß die Hauptschwierigkeit dabei im Aufstellen von zweidimensionalen Stoffgleichungen besteht, die einem gegebenen System von Stoffgleichungen für eine als dreidimensionales Kontinuum behandelten Schicht entsprechen. In einer früheren Veröffentlichung [18] wurde darauf hingewiesen, daß es vorteilhaft sein könnte, eine solche Theorie aus einer dreidimensionalen Theorie abzuleiten, in der sowohl Momentspannungen als auch Kraftspannungen berücksichtigt werden. Das gilt auch für solche Stoffe, die in Wirklichkeit nicht in der Lage sind, Momentenspannungen aufzunehmen. — Es wurde seinerzeit gezeigt, daß die Vorteile einer Ableitung der genäherten zweidimensionalen Schalentheorie aus der dreidimensionalen Elastizitätstheorie mit der Form der Verträglichkeitsbedingungen für die Verformungen in dieser dreidimensionalen Theorie zusammenhängen. Mit Hilfe dieser dreidimensionalen Verträglichkeitsbedingungen wird es möglich, alle dreidimensionalen Aspekte des Schalenproblems in einem dreidimensionalen System von Integro-Differentialgleichungen für das Stoffverhalten zu konzentrieren, so daß die Ableitung zweidimensionaler Stoffgleichungen nichts anderes ist, als das Aufstellen geeigneter asymptotischer Reihenentwicklungen für die Lösungen dieser dreidimensionalen Integro-Differentialgleichungen. Das wurde jedoch in [18] noch nicht ausgeführt. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung wird das System der Integro-Diffe-rentialgleichungen so umgeformt, daß die Art der notwendigen asymptotischen Entwicklungen deutlich wird. Auf diese Weise werden explizite Ergebnisse erhalten, die das System der zweidimensionalen Stoffgleichungen von Koiter und Sanders für ein isotropes homogenes Medium einschließen. Desgleichen sind darin enthalten die Stoffgleichungen für eine Klasse von Schalen, für die die Normalen zur Mittelfläche nicht mit den Richtungen der elastischen Symmetrie übereinstimmen, sowie auch die Stoffgleichungen für Schalen, die hinreichend weich gegenüber Querschub sind, so daß Querschubdeformationen als Effekte erster Ordnung auftreten.
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A report on work supported by the Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C.
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Reissner, E. On consistent first approximations in the general linear theory of thin elastic shells. Ing. arch 40, 402–419 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00533975
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00533975