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Development and transformation of the aortic arches in the equine embryos with special attention to the formation of the definitive arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk

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Summary

The development and transformation of the aortic arches were studied in 84 equine embryos (5 to 35 mm CRL; approximately 21–49 days of gestation). The arch of the aorta and the vessels which originate from it were also examined in several fetuses (41–335 mm CRL) and in a full-term fetus.

There are six pairs of aortic arches that originate from the ventral aortic root. The first and second aortic arches regress very early, while the fifth pair appears in a vestigial form relatively late in the development, when the truncus arteriosus divides into the aortic and pulmonary channels. The development of the cervical intersegmental arteries is described and the formation of the subclavian arteries is discussed. The primitive arch of the aorta appears at the earliest in the 14–15.5 mm CRL equine embryos (approximately 35 days of gestation). The segments of the aortic arches system which are incorporated in the formation of the definitive arch of the aorta are discussed.

Three vessels, the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery, originate from the primitive arch of the aorta. This arrangement of the vessels is regarded as the primitive mammalian pattern.

Two more stages precede the development of the definitive arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk in the equine embryos, at approximately 42 days of gestation. The secondary changes, which occur in the process of formation of the arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk, are described and discussed. Certain anomalies of the arrangement of the vessels from the arch of the aorta are also discussed.

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  1. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington

    Arturs Vitums

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  1. Arturs Vitums
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In memoriam of Professor Dr. L. Kundzinš (1855–1940).

The investigation reported herein was supported by a Research Grant-in-Aid from the Washington State University.

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Vitums, A. Development and transformation of the aortic arches in the equine embryos with special attention to the formation of the definitive arch of the aorta and the common brachiocephalic trunk. Z. Anat. Entwickl. Gesch. 128, 243–270 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00521283

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