Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die Beziehungen zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Lichtbrechung und Dichte einiger koexistierender Biotite, Muskowite und Chlorite aus granitischen Tiefengesteinen

  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

From 19 granitic rock samples the coexisting biotites, muscovites, and chlorites were separated by means of a magnetic separator as well as through hand-picking under the microscope.

The measured refractive indices and densities of the biotites and of the iron-rich chlorites show stronger variations than those measured on the muscovites.

These data, together with 20 complete chemical analyses of these complicated layer silicates, were used to test the applicability of the rule of Gladstone and Dale giving a simple theoretical relationship between chemical composition, density and mean refractive index of a substance.

For 16 samples the theoretical densities according to Gladstone-Dale agree within 2% with the measured densities. In 4 samples of biotite and muscovite showing high contents of fluorine discrepancies up to 4% were found.

This might suggest that the specific refractive energy for F in layer silicates is different from the value given by Larsen and Berman for silicates in general.

The effects of substitutions of main elements Si, Al, Fe2+, Mg, K, Ti, Fe3+, Ca, and F on the refractive indices of layer silicates are shown to be very complex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Gladstone, J. H., and T. P. Dale: Researches on the refraction, dispersion and sensitiviness of liquids. Phil. Trans, roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. 153, 337 (1864).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gower, J. A.: X-ray measurement of the iron-magnesium ratio in biotites. Am. J. Sci. 255, 142–156 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn-Weinheimer, P., u. H. Ackermann: Quantitative röntgenspektralanalytische Bestimmungen von Kalium, Rubidium, Strontium, Barium, Titan, Zirkon und Phosphor. Z. anal. Chem. 194, 81–102 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, A. J.: The relation between chemical composition and refractive index in the biotites. Amer. Mineralogist 26, 34–39 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, E. W.: Studies in the mica group. Am. J. Sci. 244, 836–848 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunitz, W.: Die Beziehungen zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung und den physikalisch-optischen Eigenschaften innerhalb der Glimmer-Gruppe. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Beilage Bd. 50, 365–413 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Enthalten die Muskowite und Biotite Kalk? Z. Krist. 70, 508–510 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Die Rolle des Titans und Zirkoniums in den gesteinsbildenden Silikaten. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Beilage Bd. A 70, 385–466 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, E. S., and H. Berman: The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. U.S. Geol. Survey. Bull. No. 848, 2nd ed. Washington 1934.

  • Mehmel, M.: Ab- und Umbau am Biotit. Chem. Erde 11, 307–332 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirani, R., e S. Simboli: La genesi del granito sardo dell'altopiano di Budduso. Note di geochimica e di struttura dei principali constituenti mineralogici. III La biotite. Mineral. petrog. Acta 9, 245–271 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinne, F.: Ber. Verhandl. sächs. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-naturw. Kl. 76, 1–11 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Röntgenographische Diagnostik beim Brennen von Kalksteinen, Dolomit, Kaolin und Glimmer. Z. Krist., Mineral, u. Petrog. 61, 113–124 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tröger, W. E.: Optische Bestimmung der gesteinsbildenden Minerale. Teil 1, Bestimmungstabellen, 3. Aufl. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenk, E., H. Schwander, J. Hunziker u. W. Stern: Zur Mineralchemie von Biotit in den Tessineralpen. Schweiz. mineral. petrog. Mitt. 43, 435–463 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winchell, A. N., and H. Winchell: Elements of optical mineralogy, part II. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, H. S., and H. P. Eugster: Phlogopite synthesis and stability range. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 6, 157–185 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut der Universität Kiel, Deutschland

    Georg Müller

Authors
  1. Georg Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Mein Dank gilt Herrn Direktor Prof. Dr. H. R. v. Gaertner, welcher meine Untersuchungen während meiner Tätigkeit bei der Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, Hannover, mit Interesse förderte. Ferner danke ich den Herren Dr. W. Harre und Dr. H. Gundlach, Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung, für die Durchführung der chemischen Mineralanalysen, sowie der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, für ihre finanzielle Beihilfe. Meinen Assistentinnen Frau H. Grapp, Frl. B. Köhler, Frl. G. Klaetsch und Frau R. keese sei herzlich für ihren geduldigen Fleiß bei den Separierungsarbeiten gedankt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Müller, G. Die Beziehungen zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Lichtbrechung und Dichte einiger koexistierender Biotite, Muskowite und Chlorite aus granitischen Tiefengesteinen. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 12, 173–191 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00518407

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00518407

Search

Navigation