Skip to main content
Log in

The spread of cancer in the organism facts and problems

  • Published:
Naturwissenschaften Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this review, cancer is conceived as an alteration of the surface-monitored social behavior of cells. Apart from impaired growth control, loss of residency (tissue affiliation) is the most important consequence of this homeostatic disorder. It results in local spread (penetration) which is initiated by locomotive and/or destructive activities of the neoplastic cells. Access of cancer elements to the circulation possibly leads to distant spread (metastasis). Penetration and metastasis largely depend upon reactions of the organism, which are of an ill-understood, ambiguous nature favoring both the tumor and the host.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  1. Wallach, D.F.H.: Membrane Molecular Biology of Neoplastic Cells. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York: Elsevier 1975

    Google Scholar 

  2. Weiss, L.: The Cell Periphery, Metastasis and other Contact Phenomena. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1967

    Google Scholar 

  3. Weinstein, R., Zel, G., Merk, F.B., in: Schultz, J., Block, R.E. (eds.): Membrane Transformation in Neoplasia, p. 127. New York-London: Academic Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  4. Benedetti, E.L., Emmelot, P.: J. Cell Sci. 2, 499 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  5. McNutt, N.S., Hershberg, R.A.: Science 165, 597 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Martìnez-Palomo, A.: Lab. Invest. 22, 605 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  7. McNutt, N.S., Herschberg, R.A., Weinstein, R.S.: J. Cell Biol. 51, 805 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Loewenstein, W.R., in: Schultz, J., Block, R.E. (eds.): Membrane Transformation in Neoplasia, p. 103. New York-London: Academic Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kellner, B.: Die Ausbreitung des Krebses, Invasion und Metastasierung. München-Berlin-Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1971

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sylvén, B., in: Garattini, S., Franchi, G. (eds.): Chemotherapy of Cancer Dissemination and Metastasis, p. 129. New York: Raven Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sylvén, B.: Schweiz, med. Wschr. 104, 258 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sträuli, P., Weiss, L.: Europ. J. Cancer 12, 939 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wood, S., Jr.: Arch. Path. 66, 550 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ambrose, E.J., Easty, D.M.: Differentiation 1, 39 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ambrose, E.J., Easty, D.M.: ibid. 1, 277 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Abercrombie, M., in: 28th Symposium, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, p. 21. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1975

    Google Scholar 

  17. Abercrombie, M., Heaysman, J.E.M.: J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 56, 561 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yoshida, K., et al.: Int. J. Cancer 6, 123 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ozaki, T., et al.: ibid. 7, 93 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Koono, M., Ushijima, K., Hayashi, H.: ibid. 13, 105 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Carr, I., McGinty, F., Norris, P.: J. Pathol. 118, 91 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Frithiof, L.: Acta path, microbiol. scand. Suppl. 200 (1969)

  23. Frithiof, L., in: Tarin, D. (ed.): Tissue Interactions in Carcinogenesis, p. 161. London-New York: Academic Press 1972

    Google Scholar 

  24. Poole, A.R., in: Dingle, J.T. (ed.): Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Vol. 3, p. 303. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1973

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dresden, M.H., Heilman, S.A., Schmidt, J.D.: Cancer Res. 32, 993 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yamanishi, Y., Dabbous, M.K., Hashimoto, K.: ibid. 32, 2551 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hashimoto, K., Yamanishi, Y., Dabbous, M.K.: ibid. 32, 2561 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yamanishi, Y., et al.: ibid. 33, 2507 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hashimoto, K., et al.: ibid. 33, 2790 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Keiditsch, E., Strauch, L., in: Balazs, E.A. (ed.): Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix, Vol. 3, p. 1671. London-New York: Academic Press 1970

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lunscken, C., Sträuli, P.: Virchows Arch. Abt. B 17, 247 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sylvén, B., Bois, I.: Cancer Res. 20, 831 (1960); Sylvén, B.: Europ. J. Cancer 4, 463 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sylvén, B., Sträuli, P.: unpublished results

  34. Ioachim, H.L.: J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 57, 465 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sträuli, P., in: Gastpar, H. (ed.): Onkohämostaseologie, p. 35. Stuttgart-New York: Schattauer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  36. Folkman, J.: New Engl. J. Med. 285, 1182 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Folkman, J.: Advanc. Cancer Res. 19, 331 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Folkman, J., Cotran, R.: Int. Rev. exp. Path. 16, 208 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Fisher, E.R., Fisher, B.: Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 122, 791 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fisher, E.R., Fisher, B.: Int. J. Rad. Oncol. 1, 87 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Sträuli, P., in: Saegesser, F., Pettavel, J. (eds.): Surgical Oncology, p. 161. Bern-Stuttgart-Vienna: Huber 1970

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fisch, V.: Lymphography of the Cervical Lymphatic System. Philadelphia-London-Toronto: Saunders 1968

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lennert, K.: Lymphknoten: A. Cytologie und Lymphadenitis. Handbuch Spez. Path. Anat. Histol. I/3. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1961

    Google Scholar 

  44. Alexander, P., Hall, J.G.: Advanc. Cancer Res. 13, 1 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sträuli, P., Lindenmann, R.: Rec. Results Cancer Res. 44, 174 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cole, W.H., et al.: Dissemination of Cancer. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1961

    Google Scholar 

  47. Wexler, H., Sindelar, W.F., Ketcham, A.S.: Cancer 37, 1701 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Walther, H.E.: Krebsmetastasen. Basel: Schwabe 1948

    Google Scholar 

  49. Warren, B.A., Vales, O.: Brit. J. exp. Path. 53, 301 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Warren, B.A.: J. Med. 4, 150 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hagmar, B.: Acta path, microbiol. scand. Suppl. 211 (1970)

  52. Wood, S., Jr.: J. Med. 5, 7 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Gasic, G.J., et al.: Int. J. Cancer 11, 704 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gasic, G.J., et al.: Z. Krebsforsch. 86, 263 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Hilgard, P., in: Gastpar, H. (ed.): Onkohämostaseologie, p. 107. Stuttgart-New York: Schattauer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  56. Hilgard, P., Thornes, R.D.: Europ. J. Cancer 12, 755 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Chew, E.G., Josephson, R.L., Wallace, A.C., in: Weiss, L.. (ed.): Fundamental Aspects of Metastasis, p. 121. Amsterdam-Oxford: North-Holland 1976

    Google Scholar 

  58. Greene, H.S.N., Harvey, E.K.: Cancer Res. 18, 422 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Greene, H.S.N., Harvey, E.K.: ibid. 24, 799 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Nicolson, G.L., Winkelhake, J.L.: Nature 255, 230 (Cancer Res. 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Kung, P.C., Lee, J.C., Bakay, L.: J. Neurosurg. 31, 339 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hulbanni, S., Goodman, P.A.: Cancer 37, 1577 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Currie, G.A., Gage, J.O.: Brit. J. Cancer 28, 136 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Currie, G.A., Alexander, P.: ibid. 29, 72 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Proctor, J.W., Rudenstam, C.-M., Alexander, P.: J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 53, 1671 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Alexander, P., Evans, R., Mikulska, Z.B., in: Garattini, S., Franchi, R. (eds.): Chemotherapy of Cancer Dissemination and Metastasis, p. 177. New York: Raven Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Dedicated to Professor Ch. Hedinger, Zürich, on the occasion of his 60th birthday

The author's experimental work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Cancer League, and the Zürich Cancer League.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sträuli, P. The spread of cancer in the organism facts and problems. Naturwissenschaften 64, 403–409 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00508691

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00508691

Keywords

Navigation