Abstract
Water budgets and ecosystem balances of the main nutrients and pollutants were calculated in two Norway spruce forests at different states of decline in the Fichtelgebirge (F.R.G.) from summer 1984 through summer 1986. For that purpose, samples of precipitation, throughfall, litter seepage and soil solution were gathered weekly. Fluxes of main cations and anions were calculated by multiplying water fluxes through the different compartments with the appropriate ion concentrations. Both spruce stands are characterized by a sufficient water supply throughout the investigation period caused by high annual precipitation. Only in dry periods drastical restriction of plant available water may endanger those spruces growing on very stony podzols and cambisols. The calculation of deposition fluxes differentiates the damaged and the apparently healthy spruce stand. Input of SO2 and H+ as well as canopy buffering and K-leaching of the canopies are significantly higher in the damaged spruce stand than in the healthy one. Additionally, the exchangeable base cation content of the soil on the damaged site is nearly exhausted and therefore buffering capacity in the soil differs from those of the healthy site. There was a low increase of N03-leaching with seepage after the fertilization with high amounts of lime.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asche N. and Beese, F.: 1986, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk. 149, 172.
Bayerische Landesamt für Umweltschutz: 1987, Lufthygienischer Jahresbericht 1986, Druckhaus Bayreuth, Bayreuth.
Beese, F.: 1986, ‘Parameter des Stickstoffumsatzes in Ökosystemen mit Böden unterschiedlicher Azidität, Göttinger Bodenkundl. Ber. 90.
Beese, F. and Matzner, E.: 1986, ‘Langzeitperspektiven vermehrten Stickstoffeintrages in Waldökosysteme: Droht Eutrophierung?’, Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme/Waldsterben B3, 182.
Beese, F. and Prenzel, J.: 1985, AZF 43, 1162.
Bücking, W., Evers, F. H., and Krebs, A.: 1986, in Einsele, G. (ed.), Das landschaftsökologische Forschungsprojekt Naturpark Schönbuch, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 271.
Childs, E. C.: 1969, An Introduction to the Physical Basis of Soil Water Phenomena, Wiley Interscience, New York.
Cowling, E. B.: 1988, in Mathy, P. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium Air Pollution and Ecosystems, Grenoble 1987, 18.
Cronan, C. S. and Reiners, W. A.: 1983, Oecologia 59, 216.
Einsele, G.: 1986, Das landschaftsökologische Forschungsprojekt Naturpark Schönbuch, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim.
Fritsche, U.: 1987, AFZ 18, 467.
Gradl, J., Hantschel, R., Kaupenjohann, M., Horn, R., and Zech, W.: 1987, Mitteilgn. Disch. Bodenkundl. Gesellsch. 53, 421.
Hantschel, R.: 1987, ‘Water and Element Balances of Damaged, Fertilized Norway Spruce Ecosystems in the Fichtelgebirge with Respect fo Physical and Chemical Soil Heterogeneity (in German)’, Bayreuther Bodenkundl. Ber. 3.
Hantschel, R. and Klemm, O.: 1987, Tellus 39B, 354.
Hantschel, R., Durner, W., and Horn, R.: 1987, Mitteilgn. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Gesellsch. 53, 403.
Hantschel, R., Kaupenjohann, M., Horn, R., and Zech, W.: 1988, in Mathy, P. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium Air Pollution and Ecosystems, Grenoble 1987, 881. Hauhs, M.: 1985, ‘Wasser- and Stoffhaushalt im Einzugsgebiet der Langen Bramke (Harz)’, Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldokosysteme/Waldsterben 17.
Herms, U. and Brümmer, G.: 1984, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk. 147, 400.
Hoffman, W. A., Lindberg, S. E., and Turner, R.: 1980, J. Environ. Qual. 9, 95.
Horn, R., Zech, W., Hantschel, R., Kaupenjohann, M., and Schneider, B. U.: 1987, AFZ 42, 300.
Hüser, R. and Rehfuess, K.-E.: 1988, Stoffdeposition durch Niederschläge in ost- and südbayerischen Waldbeständen, Forstliche Forschungsberichte München 86.
Kaupenjohann, M., Zech, W., Hantschel, R., and Horn, R.: 1987, Forstw. Cbl. 106, 78.
Kaupenjohann, M. and Hantschel, R.: 1987, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk. 150, 156.
Kaupenjohann, M., Schneider, B. U., Hantschel, R., Horn, R., and Zech, W.: 1988, Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk. 151, 123.
Kaupenjohann, M.: 1989, ‘Chemischer Bodenzustand and Nährelementversorgung immissionsbelasteter Fichtenbestdnde in NO-Bayern’, Bayreuther Bodenkundl. Ber. 10.
Kaupenjohann, M.: 1989a, in Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O. L. and Oren, R. (eds.), Air Pollution and Forest Decline — A study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soil, Ecological Studies 77, Springer Verlag, 300.
Kaupenjohann, M., Zech, W., Hantschel, R., Horn, R., and Schneider, B. U.: 1989, in Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O. L., and Oren, R. (eds.), Air Pollution and Forest Decline — A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soil, Ecological Studies 77, Springer Verlag, 282.
Kennel, E.: 1984, AFZ 14/15, 350.
Klein, R. M. and Perkins, T. D.: 1987, Ambio 16, 86.
König, N., Baccini, P., and Ulrich, B.: 1986, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk. 149, 68.
Kreutzer, K.: 1986, Forstw. Cbl. 195, 371.
Kreutzer, K. and Bittersohl, J.: 1986, Forstw. Cbl. 105,273.
Kreutzer, K.: 1988, in Mathy, P. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium Air Pollution and Ecosystems, Grenoble 1987, 242.
Leonardi, S. and Flückiger, W.: 1988, Forstw. Cbl. 107, 160.
Matzner, E., Khanna, P. K., Meiwes, K. J., and Ulrich, B.: 1983, Plant and Soil 74, 343.
Matzner, E.: 1984, ‘Deposition and Umsatz chemischer Elemente im Kronenraum von Waldbeständen’, Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme/Waldsterben 2, 61.
Matzner, E. and Ulrich, B.: 1984, Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk. 147, 290.
Matzner, E.: 1985, AFZ 43, 1143.
Mayer, R.: 1981, ‘Natürliche and anthropogene Komponenten des Schwermetallhaushalts in Waldökosystemen’, Göttinger Bodenkundl. Ber. 70.
McLaughin, S. B.: 1985, J. of the Air Pollution Control Assoc. 35, 512.
Meis, Th. and Marcowitz, U.: 1978, Numerische Behandlung partieller Differentialgleichungen,Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Meiwes, K. J., Hauhs, M., Gerke, H., Asche, N., Matzner, E., and Lamersdorf, N.: 1984, ‘Die Erfassung des Stoffkreislaufs in Waldökosystemen — Konzept und Methodik’, Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme/Waldsterben 7, 68.
Mengel, K., Breininger, M. Th., and Lutz, H. J.: 1988, in Mathy, P. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium Air Pollution and Ecosystems, Grenoble 1987, 312.
Mies, E.: 1986, ‘Elementeinträge in tannenreiche Mischbestdnde des Südschwarzwaldes’, Freiburger Bodenkundl. Abhandl. 18.
Prinz, B.: 1987, Environment 29, 11.
Remson, I., Hornberger, G. M. and Molz, F. J.: 1971, Numerical Methods in Subsurface Hydrology, Wiley Interscience, New York.
Reuss, J. O. and Johnson, D. W.: 1986, Ecological Studies 59, Springer Verlag, New York.
Running, S. W.: 1984, ‘Documentation and Preliminary Validation of H20TRANS and DAYTRANS, Two Models for Predicting Transpiration and Water Stress in Western Coniferous Forests’, USDA Forest Service Research Paper, 252.
Schubö, W. and Uehlinger, H. M.: 1986, SPSS-Handbuch der Programmversion 2.2, Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O. L., and Oren, R.: 1989, Air Pollution and Forest Decline — A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soil, Ecological Studies 77, Springer Verlag.
Skiba, U., Peirson-Smith, T. J., and Cressler, M. S.: 1986, Environ. Poll. B11, 252.
Süsser, P.: 1987, ‘Art, Menge and Wirkungsweise von Puffersubstanzen in Mineralbodenhorizonten forstlich genutzter Böden des Fichtelgebirges’, Unveröffentl. Diss. Technische Univ. München.
Ulrich, B., Mayer, R., and Khanna, P. H.: 1979, Z. Pflanzenernäihr. Bodenk. 142, 601.
Ulrich, B.: 1981, Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk. 144, 647.
Ulrich, B.: 1983, in Ulrich, B. and Pankrath, U. (eds.), Effects or Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, Holland, 33.
Ulrich, B.: 1987, in PBWU (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium Klima and Witterung in Zusammenhangimmit den neuartigen Waldschäden, GSF-Bericht 10, 255.
Ulrich, B.: 1989, ‘Effects of Acid Deposition on Forest Ecosystems in Europe’, Adv. Environm. Sci. 4, Springer Verlag.
Van Breemen, N., Discroll, C. T., and Mulder, J.: 1984, Nature 307, 548.
Woodman, J. N. and Cowling, E. B.: 1987, Environ. Sci. Technol 21, 120.
Zech, W. and Popp, E.: 1983, Foresw. Cbl. 102, 50.
Zöttl, H. W. and Mies, E.: 1983, Allg. Forst- u. Jagdz. 148, 185.
Zöttl, H. W. and Hüttl, R.: 1985, AFZ 40, 197.
Zucker, A. and Zech, W.: 1988, Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk. 151, 237.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hantschel, R., Kaupenjohann, M., Horn, R. et al. Water, nutrient and pollutant budgets in damaged Norway spruce stands in NE-Bavaria (F.R.G.) and their changes after different fertilization treatments. Water Air Soil Pollut 49, 273–297 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00507069
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00507069