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Viscosity of steam in the critical region

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Abstract

The shear viscosity of fluids exhibits an anomalous enhancement in the close vicinity of the critical point. A detailed experimental study of the viscosity of steam in the critical region has been reported by Rivkin and collaborators. A reanalysis of the experimental data indicates that the behavior of the viscosity of steam near the critical point is similar to that observed for other fluids near the critical point. An interpolating equation for the viscosity of water and steam is presented that incorporates the critical viscosity enhancement.

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Abbreviations

a :

critical region equation of state parameter

a k :

coefficients in equation for η 0

a ij :

coefficients in equation for ¯η

b :

critical region equation of state parameter

c p :

specific heat at constant pressure

c v :

specific heat at constant volume

k :

critical region equation of state parameter

k B :

Boltzmann constant

P :

pressure

P r :

22.115 MPa

P * :

P/P r

P c :

critical pressure

∼P i :

coefficients in critical region equation of state

δR~P :

(P-P c )/P c

q :

parameter in equation for critical viscosity enhancement

r :

parametric variable in critical region equation of state

T :

temperature in K (IPTS-48)

T r :

647.27 K

T * :

T/T r

T c :

critical temperature

δT :

(∼T−T c )/T c

V :

volume

α :

critical exponent of specific heat

Β :

critical exponent of coexistence curve

γ :

critical exponent of compressibility

δ :

critical exponent of chemical potential at T=T c

η :

dynamic viscosity

η 0 :

lim ρ→0 η

¯η :

normal viscosity

δη :

critical viscosity enhancement

¯λ:

thermal conductivity

λ:

normal thermal conductivity

δλ:

critical thermal conductivity enhancement

θ :

parametric variable in critical region equation of state

ξ :

correlation length

ξ 0 :

correlation length amplitude above T c at ρ=ρ c

Ν :

critical exponent of correlation length

ρ :

density

ρ r :

317.763 kg/m3

ρ * :

ρ/ρ r

ρ c :

critical density

δ∼ρ :

(ρ−ρ c )/ρ c

σ p :

estimated error of pressure

σ T :

estimated error of temperature

σ η :

estimated error of viscosity

Φ :

exponent of critical viscosity enhancement

χ t ρ(∂ρ/∂P) T :

“symmetrized” compressibility

χ * T :

χ T P r /ρ r 2

∼χ t :

χ t P c /ρ c 2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA

    R. S. Basu & J. V. Sengers

  2. National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, G75 0QU, Glasgow, UK

    J. T. R. Watson

Authors
  1. R. S. Basu
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  2. J. V. Sengers
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  3. J. T. R. Watson
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Basu, R.S., Sengers, J.V. & Watson, J.T.R. Viscosity of steam in the critical region. Int J Thermophys 1, 33–50 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00506270

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