Abstract
Molecular properties of the two isozymes expressed by the B allele at the red cell acid phosphatase locus (ACP1) have been studied to distinguish between possible mechanisms for their production. The difference in electric charge exhibited by the native isozymes was retained under denaturing conditions; the unfolded peptide chains renatured without conversion of one form to the other. Chromatographic analysis [thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] of tryptic digests showed 12 peptides common to both isozymes but also revealed 5 peptides unique to one isozyme and 3 (possibly 4) peptides unique to the other. These findings argue against both conformational isomerization and simple posttranslational modification as the mechanism of generation of the two isozymes. We suggest that the two isozymes are synthesized as discrete molecular entities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blake, N. M., Kirk, R. L., Barnes, K. R., and Thompson, J. M. (1973). Expression of human red cell acid phosphatase activity in placenta and other tissues. Jap. J. Hum. Genet. 1810.
Dissing, J. (1986). Red cell acid phosphatase: Only two different enzymes—the “slow” and the “fast” enzyme—determine different biochemical properties of the six common phenotypes. In Brinkmann, B., and Henningsen, K. (eds.), Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, Vol. 1, pp. 127–131.
Dissing, J. (1987). Immunochemical characterization of human red cell acid phosphatase isozymes. Biochem. Genet. 25901.
Dissing, J., and Svensmark, O. (1976). Human red cell acid phosphatase: Quantitative evidence of a silent gene Po, and a Danish population study. Hum. Hered. 2643.
Dissing, J., Dahl, O., and Svensmark, O. (1979). Phosphonic and arsonic acids as inhibitors of human red cell acid phosphatase and their use in affinity chromatography. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 569159.
Epstein, C. J., and Schechter, A. N. (1968). An approach to the problem of conformational isozymes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 15185.
Eze, L. C., Tweedie, M. C. K., Bullen, M. F., Wren, P. J. J., and Evans, D. A. P. (1974). Quantitative genetics of human red cell acid phosphatase. Ann. Hum. Genet. 37333.
Fenton, M. R., and Richardson, K. E. (1971). Human erythrocyte acid phosphatase: Resolution and characterization of the isozymes from three homozygous phenotypes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 14213.
Ferguson-Smith, M. A., Newman, B. F., Ellis, P. M., Thomson, D. M. G., and Riley, I. D. (1973). Assignment by deletion of human red cell acid phosphatase gene locus to the short arm of chromosome 2. Nature New Biol. 243271.
Fisher, R. A., and Harris, H. (1971). Studies on the separate isozymes of human red cell acid phosphatase phenotypes A and B. Ann. Hum. Genet. 34439.
Golden, V. L., and Sensabaugh, G. F. (1986). Phenotypic variation in the phosphotransferase activity of human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP 1) Hum. Genet. 72340.
Gracy, R. W. (1977). Two dimensional thin layer methods. Methods Enzymol. 47195.
Harris, H. (1980). The Principles of Human Biochemical Genetics Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, pp. 190–197.
Hopkinson, D. A., Spencer, N., and Harris, H. (1963). Red cell acid phosphatase variants: A new human polymorphism. Nature 199969.
Leff, S. E., Rosenfeld, M. G., and Evans, R. M. (1986). Complex transcriptional units: Diversity in gene expression by alternative RNA processing. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 551091.
Mansfield, E. (1981). Studies on Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Mansfield, E., and Sensabaugh, G. F. (1978). Red cell acid phosphatase: Modulation of activity by purines. In Brewer, G. J. (ed.), The Red Cell Alan R. Liss, New York, Vol. 4, pp. 233–247.
Mohrenweiser, H. W., and Novotny, J. E. (1982). ACP GUA-1I —A low activity variant of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase: Association with reduced glutathione reductase activity. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 34425.
Noguchi, T., Inoue, H., and Tanaka, T. (1986). The M1-and M2-type isozymes of rat pyruvate kinase are produced from the same gene by alternative RNA splicing. J. Biol. Chem. 26113807.
Rogers, R. A., Fisher, R. A., and Putt, W. (1978). An examination of the age-related patterns of decay of acid phosphatase (ACP 1) in human red cells from individuals of different phenotypes. Biochem. Genet. 16727.
Sensabaugh, G. F. (1975). Genetic and non-genetic variation of human acid phosphatases. In Markert, C. L. (ed.), Isozymes I: Molecular Structure Academic Press, New York, pp. 367–380.
Sensabaugh, G. F., and Golden, V. L. (1978). Phenotype dependence in the inhibition of red cell acid phosphatase (ACP) by folates. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 30553.
Spencer, N., Hopkinson, D. A., and Harris, H. (1964). Quantitative differences and gene dosage in the human red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism. Nature 201299.
Swallow, D. M., Povey, S., and Harris, H. (1973). Activity of the “red cell” acid phosphatase locus in other tissues. Ann. Hum. Genet. 37731.
White, I. N. H., and Butterworth, P. J. (1971a). Isoenzymes of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 229193.
White, I. N. H., and Butterworth, P. J. (1971b). A comparison of the stabilities of the isoenzymes of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase (type B). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 229202.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by a grant from “Statens Lægevidenskabelige Forskningsråd,” Copenhagen, and a faculty research grant, University of California.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dissing, J., Sensabaugh, G.F. Human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1): Evidence for differences in the primary structure of the two isozymes encoded by the ACP1*B allele. Biochem Genet 25, 919–927 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00502610
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00502610