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Adrenoceptors and salt and water movement in epithelia

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Summary

The effects of adrenergic nerve stimulation and catecholamines administered in vitro and in vivo on passive water and active and passive salt movement across epithelia have been reviewed. In general, where catecholamines affect these movements decreases are mediated by α- and increases by β-adrenoceptors. However, some species and considerable tissue differences in the responses which can be ellicited are evident. Thus:

  1. 1.

    α-Adrenoceptor activation antagonises drugs which increase water movement across amphibian skin and bladder without, in the latter, modifying the resting permeability.

  2. 2.

    In amphibian skins and in fish gills β-adrenoceptors mediate the increase in resting water flux caused by low concentrations of catecholamines.

  3. 3.

    β-Adrenoceptors mediate an increase in permeability with salt efflux and a stimulation of mucus secretion in amphibian skin.

  4. 4.

    α-Adrenoceptors mediate a reduction in Na+ movement across amphibian skin and fish gill respiratory epithelium; however adrenaline has little action on Na+ permeability of amphibian bladder.

  5. 5.

    β2-Adrenoceptors mediate the increased Na+ permeability caused by low concentrations of catecholamines.

The localisation of the mechanisms responsible for these actions and their possible physiological significance is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics The University, Manchester, UK

    R. W. Foster

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Foster, R.W. Adrenoceptors and salt and water movement in epithelia. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 281, 315–326 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00500600

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