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Activité phosphatase alcaline dans le labyrinthe du placenta de chatte, et problème de la localisation de l'ATPase de transport: étude ultrastructurale

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the placental labyrinth of the cat and problems of specific localization of transport adenosine triphosphatase. An ultrastructural study

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Summary

The ultrastructural localizations of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and of Na+−K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+−K+-ATPase) were studied in the placental labyrinth of the cat during the last days of gestation. ALPase activity could be detected in the syncytiotrophoblast but was absent from maternal tissues. Enzyme activity was observed only along plasma membranes of microvilli and absorption tubules on the maternal surface of the syncytium and also on the podocytes-like cytoplasmic processes of the fetal face. The localization of the Na+−K+-ATPase activity as obtained with the method of Ernst was identical with that of ALPase. This activity was not very ouabaine sensitive or K+ dependent, but was almost completely inhibited by levamisole. The strong ALPase activity of the syncytiotrophoblast does not allow a specific detection of Na+−K+-ATPase. However, the localization of these enzymes activities on syncytiotrophoblast surfaces directly related to fetal and maternal capillaries could suggest that these surfaces are associated with transport mechanisms of the trophoblast.

Résumé

Les localisations de la phosphatase alcaline (ALPase) et de l'adénosine triphosphatase Na+−K+-dependante (Na+−K+-ATPase) ont été recherchées dans le labyrinthe du placenta de chatte en fin de gestation. L'activité ALPase est localisée de manière discontinue le long de la membrane plasmique du syncytiotrophoblaste: microvillosités et tubules d'absorption de la face maternelle, digitations cytoplasmiques à allure podocytique de la face foetale. La localisation de l'activité Na+−K+-ATPase par la méthode de Ernst est identique à celle de l'ALPase. Cette activité, très peu sensible à la ouabaïne et à l'absence de K+, est presque totalement inhibée par le tétramisole. Cette présence importante d'activité ALPase empêche la mise en évidence spécifique de la Na+−K+-ATPase. La localisation de ces enzymes dans des zones en rapport avec les capillaires foetaux et maternels, permet de soutenir la thèse d'une spécialisation de ces zones dans les mécanismes de transport.

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Malassiné, A. Activité phosphatase alcaline dans le labyrinthe du placenta de chatte, et problème de la localisation de l'ATPase de transport: étude ultrastructurale. Histochemistry 65, 239–248 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00493173

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