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Lokalisierung von Polysacchariden, Proteinen und Lipiden in Blutplättchen von Mensch und Schwein

Localization of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids in human and pig blood platelets

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Summary

Ultrathin sections of human and pig platelets have been cut from araldite embedded pellets or by cryo-ultramicrotomy and treated by the following ultracytochemical methods before or after sectionning: The acriflavine-phosphotungstic acid (PTA)/(Pollock et al., 1970)—, the chromic acid-PTA (Rambourg and Leblond, 1967)—and the periodic acid—thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate (Thiery, 1967)-method for mucopolysaccharides and/or glycoproteides and the ethanolic PTA-method for basic proteins (Bloom and Aghajanian, 1966) were applied. Furthermore, the platelets were stained with ruthenium red (Luft, 1966) or lanthanum hydroxide (Lane and Treherne, 1970). In addition the human platelets were extracted by organic solvents (lipid extraction after Napolitano et al., 1967). Furthermore the digestion of organic materials from platelets by enzymes on ultrathin sections (proteases, glycosidases, lipases, hyaluronidase and sialidase) was carried out. The results are as following:

  1. 1.

    The lysosomal granules of the platelets contain mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteides, cationic proteins and lipids.

  2. 2.

    These substances are mainly concentrated in the nucleoid, less in the matrix of the granules. Pig platelets reveal microtubular structures instead of nucleoids.

  3. 3.

    Besides their common appearance in the glycocalyx the mucopolysaccharides and/or glycoproteides are also detected in the vesicle or surface connected system of the platelets. On the other hand, basic proteins appear within the dense tubular system and in the microtubules.

  4. 4.

    The results suggest the localization and storage of basic proteins (for instance the platelet factor 4 or the cationic permeability factor) in the lysosomal granules.

  5. 5.

    The substances for microtubule synthesis—which are also basic proteins—probably originate from the granules. They are transferred via the dense tubular system, a structure derived from the Golgi apparatus.

Zusammenfassung

Blutplättchen vom Menschen und vom Schwein wurden in Kunststoffund Gefrierultradünnschnitten ultrazytochemisch mit den Methoden der Mukopolysaccharid-, Glykoproteid- und Proteinnachweise untersucht. Außerdem wurden Plättchen des Menschen nach Lipidextraktion oder nach enzymatischem Abbau am Ultradünnschnitt mit Proteasen, Lipasen, Glykosidasen, Hyaluronidase und Neuraminidase elektronenoptisch untersucht. Das führte zu folgenden Ergebnissen:

  1. 1.

    Die lysosomalen Granula der Plättchen enthalten Mucopolysaccharide, Glyckoproteine, kationische Proteine und Lipide.

  2. 2.

    In den Plättchen von Menschen sind diese Stoffe stärker im Nucleoid als in der Matrix der Granula konzentriert. Beim Schwein entsprechen mikrotubuläre Strukturen dem Nucleoid der Granula.

  3. 3.

    Mucopolysaccharide bzw. Glykoproteide sind außer in der Glykokalyx auch im Vesikelsystem der Plättchen nachweisbar. Basische Proteine dagegen finden sich im sog. dense tubular system und in den Mikrotubuli.

  4. 4.

    Diese Befunde lassen schließen, daß es sich bei den dargestellten basischen Proteinen um in den Granula lokalisierte Plättchenfaktoren (Faktor 4, “cationic permeability factor”) handelt.

  5. 5.

    Die zum Aufbau der Mikrotubuli verwendeten Stoffe—ebenfalls basische Proteine—stammen wahrscheinlich aus den Plättchengranula und werden über das “dense tubular system”, einer Struktur die sich vom Golgi-Apparat herleiten läßt, transportiert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachrichtung Medizinische Biologie, Fachbereich Theoretische Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Bundersrepublik Deutschland

    Eberhard Morgenstern & Ellen Weber

  2. Abteilung Klinische Pharmakologie an der Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Heidelberg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Eberhard Morgenstern & Ellen Weber

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  1. Eberhard Morgenstern
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Herrn Professor em. Dr. Oskar Eichler in Verehrung zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Morgenstern, E., Weber, E. Lokalisierung von Polysacchariden, Proteinen und Lipiden in Blutplättchen von Mensch und Schwein. Histochemistry 40, 69–88 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00490275

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