Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Expression of galactose genes in mammalian cells. I. Galactose enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids

  • Published:
Biochemical Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Galactokinase and galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase activities have been studied in several Chinese hamster ovary clonal lines following hybridization of two glycine-requiring mutants. Initially, the hybrids have about twice the parental activity of both enzymes. However, with time, there is a further increase beyond this activity, especially for the transferase enzyme, followed by a decline and a leveling off. The final average kinase activity in the hybrids is about 1.2 times the parental kinase, while the final average transferase is about 1.9 times the parental amount. The cultures lose about 10% of their chromosomes during the period under study; however, there is no obvious correlation between gross chromosome loss and enzyme activity. Protein calculated on a per chromosome basis (to correct for chromosome loss) behaves in a manner similar to the enzyme activities. One possible interpretation of the results is that, following hybridization, there is a derepression of some activities followed by repression during which time new levels of cellular parameters become established.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Buttin, G. (1963). Mechanismes regulateurs dans la biosynthese des enzymes du metabolisme du galactose chezE. coli K 2.J. Mol. Biol. 7183.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, J.-C. (1967). The application of bacterial genetics to the study of human genetic abnormalities.Prog. Med. Genet. 5169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham, R. G. (1965). Colonial growth of mammalian cells in chemically defined synthetic medium.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 53288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, H., Watkins, J. F., Ford, C. E., and Schoefl, G. I. (1966). Artificial heterokaryons of animal cells from different species.J. Cell Sci. 11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, H. Z. (1971). Enzyme kinetics in mammalian cells. III. Regulation of activities of galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase and uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase in human erythrocytes.J. Cell. Physiol. 78419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, H. Z., and Puck, T. T. (1970). Enzyme kinetics in mammalian cells. II. Simultaneous determination of rate constants for the first three steps of galactose metabolism in red cells.J. Cell. Physiol. 7549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, R. R. (1970). Inborn errors of metabolism: Some thoughts about their basic mechanisms.Pediatrics 45901.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, F. T., and Puck, T. T. (1970). Genetics of somatic mammalian cells: Linkage studies with human Chinese hamster cell hybrids.Nature 228329.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao, F. T., Chasin, L., and Puck, T. T. (1969). Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. X. Complementation analysis of glycine requiring mutants.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 641284.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Littlefield, J. W. (1970). Weak evidence for bacterial-type regulation in animal cells. InGenetic Concepts and Neoplasia, Twenty-third Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, p. 439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.J. Biol. Chem. 193265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, M. F. (1968). Chromosomal and subchromosomal inactivation.Ann. Rev. Hum. Genet. 231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priest, R. E., and Priest, J. H. (1969). Diploid and tetraploid clonal cells in culture: Gene ploidy and synthesis of collagen.Biochem. Genet. 3371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puck, T. T., and Hill, H. Z. (1967). Enzyme kinetics in mammalian cells. I. Rate constants for metabolism in erythrocytes of normal, galactosemic and heterozygous subjects.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 571676.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjio, J. H., and Puck, T. T. (1958). Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. II. Chromosomal constitution of cells in tissue culture.J. Exptl. Med. 108259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Biophysics and Genetics, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado

    Helene Z. Hill & Meribel B. Halcrow

Authors
  1. Helene Z. Hill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Meribel B. Halcrow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This investigation was aided in part by U.S. Public Health Service Grant 1RO1 GM18481-01. Paper no. 476 from the Department of Biophysics and Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hill, H.Z., Halcrow, M.B. Expression of galactose genes in mammalian cells. I. Galactose enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids. Biochem Genet 7, 117–126 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00486082

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00486082

Keywords

Search

Navigation