Skip to main content
Log in

Control techniques and strategies for regional air pollution from the transport sector the European case

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We still have insufficient knowledge about the way that different types of vehicles are actually used (loads, driving behaviour etc.). This means that most statements on specific and aggregate emissions as well as on the cost-effectiveness of different measures should be judged with caution. There is still large scope for reducing emissions from transport by technical measures. This is particularly true for shipping, off-road vehicles and for most types of road vehicles. Improved maintenance and extended durability of emission control systems seem to be among the most cost-effective measures where road transport is concerned. The contribution from improved grades of diesel and petrol towards lower aggregate emissions of acidifying substances is likely to be small. Changing the modal split could be expected to be an expensive way of reducing air pollution from road transport except for regions suffering from congestion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrahamsson, R., Erlandsson, L. and Laurikko, J., Exhaust emissions of passenger cars, related to cold start and low ambient temperatures: ECE test procedure response, Joint Report and Research programme by Sweden (EPA, MTC) and Finland (MoT, VTT), January 1994.

  • Barett, M. (1991), Aircraft Pollution. Environmental Impacts and Future Solutions, WWF, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleijenberg, A., Moor, R. (1993), Air pollution from air traffic. Overview of problems and possible solutions, Centrum voor energiebesparing en schone technologie, Delft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boels, L. (1994), The Potential of Substitute Fuels for Reducing Emissions in the Transport Sector, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 94/13, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, D., Peterson K. (1993), Emission Measurements from a Urea- Based SCR/oxi Catalytic NOx/HC Exhaust Gas Treatment System on Board a Diesel Powered Passenger Ferry, Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Gothenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, D.; Peterson K. (1995), Emission Measurements from a Urea-Based SCR/oxi Catalytic NOx/HC Exhaust Gas Treatment System on Board a Diesel Powered Passenger Ferry — Operation after 12 100 hours service, Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Gothenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggleston, H.S. et al. (1991), CORINAIR Working Group on Emission Factors for Calculating 1990 Emissions from Road traffic. Volume 1: Methodology and Emission Factors. Final Report. Commission of the European Communities, DG XI — EEA Task Force, Brussels, December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekelund, M. (1994), Greening Urban Transport — Environmentally improved buses, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 94/10, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enns, PH. et al. (1994), EPA 's Survey of In-Use Driving patterns: Implications for Mobile Source Emission Inventories, Ann Arbor.

  • EWI (1993) Studienauftraug: Die Auswirkung der Luftfahrt auf die Umwelt, Elektrowatt Ingenieurunternehmung AG, Zürich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, P.B. (1992), A review of new demand elasticities with special reference to short and long run effects of price charges, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 1992:2, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammarström, U. (1992), Bränsleoch emissionsfaktorer för kallstart och varmkörda motorer, T 119, Linköping.

  • Hedbom, A., Kallstart av katalysatorbilar, AB Svensk Bilprovning, Haninge 1992.

  • Holman, C. (1994), Greening Urban Transport. Environmentally improved grades of petrol and diesel, European Transport, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 94/9, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kågeson, P. (1992), External Costs of Air Pollution. The Case of European Transport, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 92/7, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kågeson, P. (1995), Laboratory testing of 31 car models — an analysis of emissions from cars subjected to heavy loads and a supplementary test cycle, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 95/1, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemieszweski, S. (1995), Sjöfart, Sjöfartsverket (National Maritime Administration), Monograph, February 12.

  • Lenner, M. (1994), Pollutant Emissions from Passenger Cars. Influence of cold start, temperature and ambient humidity, VTI rapport 400, Linköping.

  • Lloyd's Register (1995), Report from the Marine exhaust emissions research programme, according to ENDS Report 243 (April 1995).

  • Miljöklassutredningen (1995), Ett vidareutvecklat miljöklassystem i EU, betänkande SOU 1995:31, Ministry of the Environment, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, Project in use compliance. Air pollution by cars in use. Annual report 1991–92, The Hague, the Netherlands.

  • Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, Project in use compliance. Air pollution by cars in use. Annual report 1992–93, The Hague, the Netherlands.

  • MTC (1994) (Svensk Bilprovnings Motortestcenter), Summary of Emission test results from A60 tests, 1994-04-19, Haninge, Sweden.

  • National Research Council (1991), Re-thinking the ozone problem in urban and regional air pollution, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1993a), Control of emissions from vehicles in use, Environment Monographs No. 54, Paris.

  • OECD (1993b), Control of emissions from heavy-duty vehicles, Environment Monographs No. 55, Paris.

  • OECD (1995), Motor Vehicle Pollution, Reduction strategies beyond 2010, Paris.

  • Rodt. S. et al. (1995), Passenger Cars 2000. Requirements Technical Feasibility and Costs of Exhaust Emission Standards for the Year 2000 in the European Community, Federal Environmental Agency, Berlin, April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjödin, Å. (1994a), On-Road Emission Performance of Late-Model TWC-Cars as Measured by Remote Sensing, Air & Waste, Vol. 44, April.

  • Sjödin, Å. (1994b), Potential of a remote sensing technique in roadside inspections — experiences from a pilot study in Sweden, submitted to the 27th ISATA conference in Aachen, Germany, 31st October – 4th November.

  • Sledsens, T. (1995), Taxing Diesel and Petrol. Contemplations on environmental, health and social aspects, European Federation for Transport and Environment, T&E 95/4, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statens Naturvårdsverk (Swedish EPA) (1990), Miljökrav på tunga vägfordon, Rapport 3757.

  • UN ECE (1994), Nitrogen Oxide emissions from on-road heavy-duty vehicles (HDV): Options for further reduction, Report prepared by governmentally appointed experts at consultations held in Berlin 14–15th March.

  • UN ECE (1995), Strategies and Policies for Air Pollution Abatement, Geneva.

  • Wall, R. (1991), Bilanvändningens bestämningsfaktorer, VTI, Linköping, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kågeson, P. Control techniques and strategies for regional air pollution from the transport sector the European case. Water Air Soil Pollut 85, 225–236 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483703

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483703

Key words

Navigation