Abstract
Judging from the PMR spectra, the protonation of various 3-alkyl- and 3-arylindoles in sulfuric and trifluoroacetic acids proceeds primarily at the 3 position. Prototropic shift of a radical to form 2-substituted indoles occurs on heating with these acids, and better results are obtained with polyphosphoric acid. Ideas regarding the mechanism of the process are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
N. N. Borisov, R. S. Sagitullin, and A. N. Kost, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 48 (1972).
A. N. Kost, L. G. Yudin, V. A. Budylin, and V. I. Minkin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 176, 1096 (1967).
R. Herman, Int. J. Quant. Chem., 2, 165 (1968).
W. Sumpter and F. Miller, Heterocyclic Compounds with Indole and Carbazole Systems, New York (1954).
K. Shofield, Quart. Rev., 4, 382 (1950).
S. Plant and M. Tomlinson, J. Chem. Soc., 955 (1933).
K. Blaha and O. Cervinka, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 6, 182 (1966).
R. Hinmann and E. Whipple, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 2534 (1962).
K. Biswas and A. Jackson, Tetrahedron, 25, 227 (1969).
E. Fisher and T. Schmidt, Ber., 21, 1811 (1888).
G. R. Clemo and J. C. Seaton, J. Chem. Soc., 2582 (1964).
M. Bettembourg and S. David, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 772 (1962).
B. G. F. Smith, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2, 303 (1963).
V. A. Budylin, A. N. Kost, and E. D. Matveeva, Vestnik MGU, Ser. Khim., No. 3, 121 (1969).
W. Davies and S. Middleton, J. Chem. Soc., 822 (1958).
N. P. Buu-Höi, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1104 (1967).
C. Blad and A. Wilds, J. Org. Chem., 21, 1013 (1956).
J. Pikl. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 2105 (1933).
F. Piozzi and M. R. Langualla, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 93, 1382 (1963).
H. Kussman, D. Farnswortt, and B. Witkop, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 3949 (1952).
I. Degen, Ann., 236, 153 (1886).
A. N. Kost, I. P. Sugrobova, and A. P. Yakubov, Zh. Organ. Khim., 1, 124 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
See [1] for communication XXVIII.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January, 1972.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Budylin, V.A., Kost, A.N. & Matveeva, E.D. Indole chemistry. Chem Heterocycl Compd 8, 52–56 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00478491
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00478491