Reference
Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I.: Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations. New York: Wiley 1971
Prigogine, I., Nicolis, G.: J. Chem. Phys. 46, 3542 (1967)
Noyes, R.M., Field, R.J.: Acc. Chem. Res. 10, 273 (1977)
Winfree, A.T.: Science 175, 634 (1972)
Stern, K.H.: Chem. Rev. 54, 79 (1954)
We are aware of only two reports on chemical reactions leading to the formation of stationary structures far from equilibrium. The first is the phenomenon discussed in this article. The second is a recent report by Orban [8] who noticed that under certain conditions, waves in the spatiotemporal BZ reaction are substituted by stationary structures, which are formed by convections in the sub-millimetric reaction-mixture layer. Orban mentions the possibility that the structures obtained are due to Liesegang-type precipitation waves.
Liesegang rings are formed through a wave propagation [5, 9]. However, Ross regards this phenomenon as a spatial rather than a wave phenomenon [9, 10].
Orban, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 4311 (1980)
Kai, S., Müller, S.C., Ross, J.: J. Chem. Phys. 76, 1392 (1982)
Ross, J.: private communication
Möckel, P.: Naturwissenschaften 64, 224 (1977)
Ross, J., Nitzan, A., Ortoleva, P.: J. Chem. Phys. 60, 3134 (1974)
This fading is slow for the more viscous starch systems. Structures were formed when irradiation was carried through the side walls of a closed quartz cell, thus excluding the possibility that the patterns were due to evaporation at the air/water interface.
Fox, M.F.: Quat. Rev. Chem. Soc. 24, 565 (1970)
Franck, U.F.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 17, 1 (1974)
The photographs were taken by Dr. D. Darom, Department of Scientific Photography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Haken, M.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 67 (1975)
More chemical systems which produce these types of structures will be described elsewhere.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kagan, M., Levi, A. & Avnir, D. Formation of dissipative spatial structures during photolysis of halogen compounds. Naturwissenschaften 69, 548–549 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00463508
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00463508