Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Qualitative and quantitative models relating otolith zone deposition to growth and condition in sexually mature male and female capelin (Mallotus villosus)

  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Correspondence analysis (CA) is used to examine the relationship between months, between selected body components/organs and between months and components/organs for male and female capelin from 12 to 37 months of age in Balsfijorden, northern Norway (69°21′N:19°06′E). The CA profiles have been used to quantify condition with regard to age and season. The major features determining the condition of fish depositing hyaline or opaque otolith zones are itemized using CA, and the data modelled by Multiple Regression (MR) using a cosine curve incorporating the chief mass variables with linear age-dependency. The highest proportion of fish having outer opaque zones are found from ca. June to October, whilst the highest proportion with exterior hyaline zones are found from ca. December to May. There is a clear annual cycle in the deposition of opaque and hyaline otolith zones in both sexes, but there is a significant difference in phase of ca. 12 days between the sexes. There is a significant trend for decreasing proportions of fish having outermost opaque otolith zones with increasing age; this trend is similar in both sexes. The mean level and amplitude of the cycles are similar in both sexes. On the other hand, CA shows a 12-month cycle of storage and utilization of body materials with obvious differences between sexes. In the female protein in the fillet plays a more dominant role than lipid in the fillet in accounting for anabolic and catabolic variations in mass, whereas in the male the opposite is true. Sexual maturation is negatively correlated with fillet (somatic) growth. Variations in stomach weight (with contents) and otolith zone deposition are not significantly correlated. Nevertheless, in both sexes there is a clear positive correlation between stomach weight and liver protein and lipid implying an association between stomach weight and feeding activity. In females, however, maximum liver condition is more positively correlated with exponential ovarian growth, probably through mobilization of lipoproteins for eggs. Qualitative (CA) and quantitative (MR) models have related changes in growth and condition to the type of otolith zone deposited. The fillet of capelin is the major somatic growth site. As CA indicates a negative correlation between fillet reserves and gonad maturation, and the best MR models describing the cycle of otolith zone deposition in males and females (accounting for 93% and 70% respectively of the variation) underlined and quantified the interplay between somatic and gonad growth, it is implicit that the energy balance of the fish will be an important determinant of otolith zone deposition in sexually maturing and mature capelin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blacker RW (1974) Recent advances in otolith studies. In: Harden Jones FR (ed) Sea fisheries research. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 67–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Brafield AE, Llewellyn MJ (1982) Animal energetics. Blackie, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett JR (1979) Environmental factors and growth. In: Hoar WS, Randall DJ, Brett JR (eds) Fish physiology, vol 8. Academic Press, London New York, pp 599–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Brothers EB, Mathews CP, Lasker R (1976) Daily growth increments in otoliths from larval and adult fishes. Fish Bull 74:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Calow P (1985) Adaptive aspects of energy allocation. In: Tytler P Calow P (eds) Fish energetics: new perspectives. Croom Helm, London Sydney, pp 13–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatfield C (1980) The analysis of time series: An introduction, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke RB (1979) Environmental determination of reproduction in polychaetes. In: Stancyk SE (ed) Reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina, pp 107–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragesund O, Monstad T, Ulltang Ø (1973) Regulering av loddefisket. Fiskets Gang 59:63–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredgeirsson E (1976) Observations on spawning behaviour and embryonic development of the Icelandic capelin. Rit Fiskideild 5:1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershanovich AD, Markevich NM, Dergaleva ZhT (1984) Using the condition factor in ichthyological research. J Ichthyol 24:78–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 177:751–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenacre M (1984) Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. Academic Press, London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamre J (1977) On the interpretation of the central zone in otoliths of the capelin from the Barents Sea. Cons Perm Int Explor Mer CM 1977/H:37, 23pp

    Google Scholar 

  • haux C, Norberg B (1985) The influence of estradiol-17B on the liver content of protein, lipids, glycogen and nucleic acids in juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdinerii. Comp Biochem Physiol 81B:275–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson RJ, Sargent JR, Hopkins CCE (1984a) Changes in the content and fatty acid composition of lipid in an isolated population of the capelin Mallotus villosus during sexual maturation and spawning. Mar Biol 78:255–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson RJ, Sargent JR, Pirie BJS (1984b) Fatty acid catabolism in the capelin, Mallotus villosus (Muller), during sexual maturation. Mar Biol Lett 5:115–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins CCE (1981) Ecological investigations on the zooplankton community of Balsfjorden, northern Norway: changes in zooplankton abundance and biomass in relation to phytoplankton and hydrography. March 1976–February 1977. Kieler Meeresforsch (Sonderh) 5:124–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins CCE, Seiring JV, Nyholmen O, Hermannsen A (1984a) Ecological energetics from total lipid and total protein: fact and artifact using a gravimetric method for lipid and a biuret method for protein. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 22:211–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins CCE, Tande KS, Grønvik S, Sargent JR (1984b) Ecological investigations of the zooplankton community of Balsfjorden, northern Norway: an analysis of growth and overwintering tactics in relation to niche and environment in Metridia longa (Lubbock), Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus), Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer), and Thysanoessa raschi (M. Sars). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 82:77–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins CCE, Tande KS, Grønvik S, Sargent JR,Schweder T (1985) Ecological investigations of the zooplankton community of Balsfjorden, northern Norway: growth and quantification of condition in relation to overwintering and food supply in Metridia longa, Calanus finmarchius, Thysanoessa inermis and Thysanoessa raschi. In: Gray JS, Christiansen ME (eds) The marine biology of polar regions and the effects of stress in marine organisms. Proc 18th Eur Symp Mar Biol. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 83–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Jangaard PM (1974) The capelin (Mallotus villosus), Biology, distribution, exploitation, utilization and composition. Bull Fish Res Board Can 186:1–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Krivobok MN (1964) On the role of the liver in the maturation of the ovaries of the Baltic herring, Clupea harengus membras L. Vop Ikthiol 4:483–494

    Google Scholar 

  • LeCren ED (1974) The effects of errors in ageing in production studies. In: Bagenal TB (ed) The ageing of fish. Unwin Brothers, England, pp 221–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann E (1959) Testing statistical hypotheses. Wiley and Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Love RM (1970) The chemical biology of fishes. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall SL, Parker SS (1982) Pattern identification in the microstructure of sockeye salmon (Oncorrhynchus nerca) otoliths. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39:542–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller PG (1984) A tokology of gobioid fishes. In: Potts GW, Wootton RJ (eds) Fish reproduction: strategies and tactics. Academic Press, London New York, pp 119–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr V (1972) Fettvev i dyr. Tidsskr Kjemi, Bergves Metall 32:23–24, 26, 29–30 (Fish Res Board Can, Transl Ser No 2514, 1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neilson JD, Geen GH (1982) Otoliths of chinook salmon (Oncorrhynchus ishawytscha) daily growth increments and factors influencing their production, Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39:1340–1347

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella G (1971) Fish otoliths: daily growth patterns and periodical patterns. Science 173:1124

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella G (1980) Growth patterns in fish sagittae. In: Rhoads DC, Lutz RA (eds) Skeletal growth of aquatic organisms. Plenum Press, New York, pp 519–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Prokhorov VS (1965) Ecology of the Barents Sea capelin Mallotus villosus (Muller) and prospects for its commercial utilization. PINRO (Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Murmansk) 19:1–70 (Fish Res Board Can, Transl Ser No 813, 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prokhorov VS (1968) Materials on the ecology of capelin in the Barents Sea. Rapp P-V Reun, Cons Int Explor Mer 158:23–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricker WE (1979) Growth rates and models. In: Hoar WS, Randall DJ, Brett JR (eds) Fish physiology, vol 8. Bioenergetics and growth. Academic Press, London New York, pp 678–743

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan TA, Joiner BL, Ryan BF (1981) Minitab, reference manual. Pennsylvania State University, 154 pp

  • Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1981) Biometry, 2nd edn. Freeman and Co, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim L (1981a) Data reduction methods and invariance properties. Statistics Reports. Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Tromsø, 34 pp

  • Solheim L (1981b) Multidimensional data analysis — Datareducing methods implemented on Cyber 171, written in the GENSTAT-language. Statistics Reports. Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Tromsø, 33 pp

  • Tande KS, Hopkins CCE (1981) Ecological investigations of the zooplankton community of Balsfjorden, northern Norway: the genital system in Calanus finmarchicus and the role of gonad development in overwintering strategy. Mar Biol 63:159–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesch FW (1971) Age and growth. In: Ricker WE (ed) Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters. IBP Handbook No 3, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford Edinburgh, pp 98–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Templeman W (1948) The life history of the capelin (Mallotus villosus OF Muller) in Newfoundland waters. Bull Newfoundland Covt Lab 17:1–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oosten J (1957) The skin and scales. In: Brown ME (ed) The physiology of fishes, vol 1. Academic Press, London New York, pp 207–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Volk EC, Wissmar RC, Simenstad CA, Eggers DM (1984) Relationship between otolith microstructure and the growth of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorrhynchus keta) under different prey rations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:126–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Weatherley AH, Rogers SC (1978) Some aspects of age and growth. In: Gerking SD (ed) Ecology of freshwater fish production. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 52–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Wootten RJ (1985) Energetics of reproduction. In: Tytler P, Calow P (eds) Fish energetics: new perspectives. Croom Helm, London Sydney, pp 231–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Zar JH (1974) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall NJ

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquatic Biology Group, Institute of Biology and Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9001, Tromsø, Norway

    C. C. E. Hopkins & O. Nyholmen

  2. Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathermatical and Physical Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9001, Tromsø, Norway

    L. Solheim

Authors
  1. C. C. E. Hopkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. Nyholmen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Solheim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hopkins, C.C.E., Nyholmen, O. & Solheim, L. Qualitative and quantitative models relating otolith zone deposition to growth and condition in sexually mature male and female capelin (Mallotus villosus). Polar Biol 6, 25–36 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00446237

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00446237

Keywords

Search

Navigation