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Studio micologico del Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanfelice) Red., Cif. et Giord. e significato della specie nella patologia animale

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Riassunto

L'A. che in note precedenti e con la collaborazione di Ciferri e Redaelli ha già portato un contributo personale alla posizione sistematica, alla nomenclatura ed alla sinonimia di Debaryomyces neoformans Red. Cif. et Gior., attraverso uno studio culturale, micromorfologico biochimico e biologico di 28 ceppi di origine diversa e con binomi di Cryptococcus hominis, C. neoformans, Torula histolytica, C. hondurianus, C. psichorophylicus ecc. precisa le caratteristiche della specie che differenzia col nome di Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanfelice) Red. Cif. et Gior.. Nello studio micologico sono in particolare indagate le modalità della riproduzione ascogena, confermando i dati precedentemente esposti per alcuni degli stessi ceppi da Todd e Hermann.

L'A. fa una breve sintesi dei quadri clinici ed anatomici delle malattie umane determinate da D. n. Quindi espone i risultati di ricerche sperimentali eseguite con gli stessi ceppi in ratto, cavia, cane e coniglio. Tutti i ceppi hanno determinato lesioni morfologicamente identiche; il granuloma tipico da Debaryomyces neoformans con peculiarità morfologiche tali da essere considerate specifiche, si è ottenuto nel tessuto meningeo e cerebrale del ratto, dove ha acquistato la stessa morfologia delle lesioni spontanee dell'uomo.

Richiamandosi alle precedenti ricerche del Sanfelice sulla presunta natura blastomicetica dei tumori, l'A. ha ripetuti con il ceppo originale del Sanfelice, gli esperimenti di questo autore. Nei numerosi esperimenti eseguiti non si è riusciti nè con il fungo nè con le sue tossine ad ottenere vere e proprie forme blastomatose; ad eccezione di un caso di epitelioma spinocellulare comparso sull' epidermide di un ratto nel punto di inoculazione del micete.

Zusammenfassung

Der Verfasser, der in vorgehenden Mitteilungen unter Mitarbeit von Ciferri und Redaelli einen Beitrag zur systematischen Stellung, zur Nomenklatur und über die Synonima von Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanfelice) Red. Cif. et Gior. gebracht hat, stellt durch eine kulturelle, mikromorphologische, biochemische und biologische Studie von 28 Stämmen von verschiedener Herkunft und mit Bezeichnung von Cryptococcus hominis, C. neoformans, Torula histolytica, C. hondurianus, C. psichrophylicus, usw. die karakteristischen Eigenschaften der Spezies fest, die er mit dem Namen Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanfelice) Red. Cif. et Gior. umfasst.

In der mykologischen Studie werden insbesondere die Art und Weise der askogenen Vermehrung untersucht in Bestätigung der früher für einigeder betreffenden Stämmen gemachten Angaben von Todd und Hermann.

Der Verfasser gibt eine Synthese der klinischen und anatomischen Bilder der menschlichen durch Debaryomyces neoformans verursachten Krankheiten. Dann schildert er die Ergebnisse von experimentellen Versuchen, ausgeführt mit denselben Stämmen bei Ratten, Meerschweinchen, Hunden und Kaninchen. Alle Stämme haben morphologisch identische Läsionen hervorgerufen; das typische Granulom durch Debaryomyces neoformans zeigt solche morphologische Besonderheiten, dass es als spezifisch betrachtet werden muss, und es wurde im meningealen und zerebralen Gewebe der Ratte gewonnen, wo es dasselbe morphologische Aussehen zeigte wie in den spontanen menschlichen Läsionen.

In Rücksicht auf die frühere von Sanfelice behauptete blastomykotische Natur der Geschwülste hat Verfasser die Versuchen von Sanfelice mit dessen Originalstamm wiederholt. In den zahlreichen ausgeführten Experimenten ist es nie gelungen weder mit der Hefe noch mit ihren Toxinen echte blastomatöse Bilder zu gewinnen; mit Ausnahme eines Falles von einem spinozellulären Epithelion, das in der Epidermis einer Ratte aufgetreten ist, gerade an der Stelle der Inokulation der Hefe.

Summary

The present contribution is based on the results of the study of 28 strains of Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanf.) Red., Cif. et Giord. in culture under several binomials, as, e.g., Cryptococcus hominis, C. neoformans, C. hondurianus, C. psichrophilicus, Torula histolytica, and so on. The study has been made from cultural, micromorphological, biochemical and biological points of view; in particular the generation of an ascogenous form has been reconfirmed.

Very many inoculations on mice, guinea pigs, dogs and rabbits were made, and the results throughly discussed. All the strains are pathogenic, generating the same kind of lesions, but specific granulomatic lesions were produced only in meningeal and cerebral tissues on mouse, with an evident analogy with the lesions observed in man.

In relation to the old researches made by Sanfelice on the blastomycetic genesis of cancer, very many tests were performed using the original strain, without favorable results either with the fungus or with the toxins. Only once a spinocellular epithelioma appeared on the skin of a mouse, around the point of inoculation.

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Giordano, A. Studio micologico del Debaryomyces neoformans (Sanfelice) Red., Cif. et Giord. e significato della specie nella patologia animale. Mycopathologia 1, 274–304 (1939). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00444202

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