Abstract
The antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum, Scytalidium album and an unidentified fungus (isolated from Monotropa hypopitys) against the root rot fungus Fomes annosus was studied in vitro and in vivo. Antibiosis was demonstrated on malt extract agar and on powdered wood. Competition between F. annosus and its antagonists was studied in stem discs and in living stems of Norway spruce. Effective antibiotics on agar and sawdust did not always bring about effective antagonism against F. annosus in stem discs or living trees. Factors such as growth rate of the antagonists in wood and their ability to invade the substrate during competition may influence the effectiveness of F. annosus suppression. The results from studies on antagonism in stem discs agreed with the results from tests in living trees. The frequency of penetrations through the wood cell walls was drastically lowered by the presence of the antagonists but was not closely correlated with the abundance of F. annosus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aufsess, von H. 1976. Über die Wirkung verschiedener Antagonisten auf das Mycelwachstum von einigen Stamfäulepilzen. Material und Organismen 11: 183–196.
Brian, P.W., P.J. Curtis, H.G. Hemming & J.C. Mc Gowan. 1946. The production of viridin by pigment-forming strains of Trichoderma viride. Ann. Appl. Biol. 33: 190–200.
Brian, P.W. & H.G. Hemming. 1945. Gliotoxin, a fungistatic metabolic product of Trichoderma viride. Ann. Appl. Biol. 32: 214–220.
Dennis, C. & J. Webster. 1971. Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma. I. Production of nonvolatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 57: 25–39.
Dennis, C. & J. Webster. 1971. Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma. III. Hyphal interaction. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 57: 363–369.
Dubos, B. & J.L. Ricard. 1974. Curative treatment of peach trees against silver leaf disease (Stereum purpureum) with Trichoderma viride preparations. Plant Dis. Rep. 58: 147–150.
Etheridge, D.E. 1955. Comparative studies of North American and European cultures of the root rot fungus, Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke. Can. J. Bot. 33: 416–428.
Flodin, K. & J. Andersson. 1977. Studies on volatile compounds from Pinus silvestris and their effect on wooddecomposing fungi. I. Identification of volatile compounds from fresh and heat-dried wood. Eur. J. For. Path. 7: 282–287.
Grosclaude, C., J. Ricard & B. Dubos. 1973. Inoculation of Trichoderma viride spores via pruning shears for biological control of Stereum purpureum on plum tree wounds. Plant Dis Rep. 57: 25–28.
Hansen, J. 1972. Sterilization of test objects for mycological testing using electron radiation. Material und Organismen 7: 73–80.
Hulme, M.A. & J.K. Shields. 1972. Interaction between fungi in wood blocks. Can. J. Bot. 50: 1421–1427.
Hulme, M.A. & J.K. Shields. 1972. Effect of a primary fungal infection upon secondary colonization of Birch Bolts. Material und Organismen 7: 177–188.
Hyppel, A. 1968. Antagonistic effects of some soil fungi on Fomes annosus in laboratory experiments. Studia Forestalia Suecia 64.
Klingström, A. & L. Beyer. 1965. Two new species of Scytalidium with antagonistic properties to Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 59: 30–36.
Klingström, A.E. & S.M. Johansson. 1973. Antagonism of Scytalidium isolates against decay fungi. Phytopathology 63: 473–479.
Lundgren, B., E. Bååth & B.E. Söderström. 1978. Antagonistic effects of Tolypocladium species. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 70: 305–307.
Maloy, O.C. 1974. Benomyl-malt agar for the purification of cultures of wood decay fungi. Plant Dis. Rep. 58: 902–904.
Persson-Hüppel, A. 1963. The influence of temperature on the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma viride Fr. on Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. Studia Forestalia Suecia 4.
Pottle, H.W., A.L. Shigo & R.O. Blanchard. 1977. Biological control of wound Hymenomycetes by Trichoderma harzianum. Plant. Dis. Rep. 61: 687–690.
Ricard, J.L. 1970. Biological control of Fomes annosus in Norway spruce (Picea abies) with immunizing commensals. Studia Forestalia Suecia 84.
Ricard, J. 1975. Biological control of decay in Douglas Fir poles — seven years perspective. Eur. J. For. Path. 5: 175–177.
Ricard, J.L. & W.B. Bollen. 1968. Inhibition of Poria carbonica by Scytalidium sp., an imperfect fungus isolated from Douglas-fir poles. Can. J. Bot. 46: 643–647.
Rishbeth, J. 1975. Stump inoculation: a biological control of Fomes annosus. In: Biology and control of soil-borne plant pathogens (G.W. Bruehl, ed.) pp. 158–162. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul.
Sharp, R.F. & H.O.W. Eggins. 1968. A rapid strength method for determining the biodeterioration of wood. Int. Biodetn. Bull. 4: 63–66.
Shields, J.K. & E.A. Atwell. 1963. Effect of a mold, Trichoderma viride, on decay of birch by four storage-rot fungi. Forest Prod. J. 13: 262–265.
Sierota, Z.H. 1976. Influence of acidity on tne growth of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. and on the inhibitory effect of its filtrates against Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. in articificial cultures. Eur. J. For. Path. 6: 302–311.
Sierota, Z.H. 1977. Inhibitory effect of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. filtrates on Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. in relation to some carbon sources. Eur. J. For. Path. 7: 164–172.
Stillwell, M.A., R.E. Wall & G.M. Strunz. 1973. Production, isolation and antifungal activity of scytalidin, a metabolite of Scytalidium species. Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 597–602.
Toole, E.R. 1971. Interaction of mold and decay fungi on wood in laboratory tests. Phytopathology 61: 124–125.
Trofast, J. & B. Wikberg. 1977. Mycorrhizin A and chloromycorrhizin A, two antibiotics from a mycorrhizal fungus of Monotropa hypopitys. Tetrahedron 33: 875–879.
Weindling, R. 1941. Experimental consideration of the mold toxins of Gliocladium and Trichoderma. Phytopathology 31: 991–1003.
Wikström, C. 1976. The occurrence of Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond and Borisov as a primary parasite in Populus tremula L. Eur. J. For. Path. 6: 321–328.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lundborg, A., Unestam, T. Antagonism against fomes annosus. Comparison between different test methods in vitro and in vivo. Mycopathologia 70, 107–115 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00443076
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00443076